Kerry Pulsatron

The table shows the effect on product ratio of ultrasonic irradiation (Kerry Pulsatron cleaning bath 35 kHz 50 W) during electrolysis. Here there is only 8% of the bicyclohexyl dimeric one-electron product, with approximately 41 % of the two-electron product from nucleophilic capture of the intermediate carbocation. The preponderance of cyclohexene (32 %) over cyclohexane (> 3 %) shows its formation is by proton loss from the carbocation intermediate, since free-radical routes to cyclohexene (i. e. hydrogen atom abstraction) also produce cyclohexane in equal if not greater amounts... 

Mason et al. reported for the first time the response of the TA dosimeter with different ultrasonic sources and frequencies. They employed an ultrasonic cleaning bath (Kerry Pulsatron 55 operating at 38 kHz) with different immersed reactors (flat bottom Erlenmeyer and round bottom flask) and the Undatim Sonoreactor with 20-, 40-, or 60-kHz horns. Ultrasonic power measurements were monitored using the calorimetric method described previously. 

A dry, two-necked, round-bottom flask is equipped with a 250-mL pressure-equalizing addition funnel and a condenser topped with a gas inlet. The system is Bushed with N2. The flask is charged with zinc (origin specified above, 11.77g, 0.180 mol), lead dichloride (0.25 g, 0.9 mmol), anhydrous ether (450 mL), and 1-methyl-l-cyclohexene (from Aldrich, 11.8 mL, 9.62 g, 0.100 mol). The addition funnel is filled with a solution of freshly distilled trichloroacetyl chloride (16.7 mL, 27.2 g, 0.150 mol) in 150 mL of anhydrous ether. The flask is then partially submerged in an ultrasonic bath (Kerry Ultrasonic Pulsatron 250,47 kHz), in the place that maximizes agitation. 

---