KBR advanced ammonia Process

KAAP plus An improved version of KAAP, announced by Kellog Brown Root in 1999. It combines the features of the KBR Advanced Ammonia Process, the KBR Reforming Exchanger System, and the KBR Purifier technology. The catalyst is the same as that used in KAAP. In 2003, more than 200 large-scale plants were operating or had been contracted. 

Pig. 9.12 Flow-sheet for KBR advanced ammonia process 1-Air compressor 2,12,28,33,34-Cooling 3-Feed gas compressor 4-Waste heat boiler 5-Primary reformer 6-Secondary reformer 7,9,11,15,20,22,26,27,30-Heat recovery 8-HTS 10-LTS 16-Condensate stripper 17-C02 absorber 18-C02 stripper 21-Methanator 24-Dryer 25-Synthesis gas compressor 29-KAAP ammonia converter 32-Refrigeration compressor. 

As an exception that proves the rule, the KAAP (KBR Advanced Ammonia Process) ruthenium-on-carbon catalyst was introduced to commercial application with a Canadian plant retrofit in 1992. The manufacturer claims that the activity of the catalyst exceeds that of magnetite-based materials by about an order of magnitude. 

Alternatively, KBR offer the KAAP (Kellogg Advanced Ammonia Process) synthesis concept, where the synthesis gas is converted to ammonia in a low pressure synthesis loop (8-9 MPa) featuring a four bed synthesis converter loaded with conventional iron based catalyst in the first bed and Ru-based catalyst in the lower beds. This technology has so far only had limited use due to the high cost of Ru. 

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