Japan cracking operations

In the United States, Europe, and Japan, DCPD streams of 70—95 wt% purity are available. Estimates of recoverable DCPD production capacity in the United States for 1990 for all grades of DCPD is >127, 000 metric tons (39) and in Europe is 48,000 metric tons (40). The vast majority of this production is from hydrocarbon steam-cracking operations. Based on the total operations, more CPD is produced than indicated above, but because of the relatively small quantities available at a single location, much of the cyclopentadiene caimot be recovered profitably. Important producers in the U.S. are Dow, Exxon, LyondeU, SheU, and Texm ark in Europe, Dow and SheU and in Japan, Nippon Zeon (40). 

Toa Nenryo Kogyo KK, Kowasaki, Japan— produce a pitch based carbon fiber from Tonen s fluid catalytic cracking operations at Kawasaki. 

Grains of one cubic cm in size are popular in Japan, but in other counties, e,g, in the USA, larger cut stars are also used. The operation is simple, but care must be taken to avoid cracks when the grains are dried,... 

The EUREKA process is a commercially proven thermal craeking process of semi-batch reactors system to produce valuable cracked oil and aromatic petroleum pitch from heavy residual material. The first unit was built in Sodegaura Refinery of Fuji Oil, Japan in 1975. The second unit was built in Nanjing, P. R. China in 1988. Both the units are now operated effectively for heavy oil upgrading. 

The JPDR is a BWR-type (45 MWt) demonstration reactor. It started to generate electricity for the first time in Japan in October 1963. In 1972 the power was increased to 90 MWt for enhancement of neutron irradiation capability. The JPDR was shut down in March, 1976 due to several problems such as cracking on the nozzle of in-core monitor tubes, the failure of control rod drive mechanism and other complications. Table I shows the major specifications, operation history and radioactive inventory of the JPDR. 

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