Isothermal, Discontinuous Reaction

The thermokinetic analysis of the measuring results starts with a hypothesis. A mechanism, the stoichiometry and the relevant function equations of the reaction rates are assumed [4,10, 14,16, 36,44]. From that, the run of both concentrations and thermal reaction power versus time are calculated on the basis of (4.2)- 4.9) [ 1, 9, 18]. Then we examine whether the measuring results are in accordance with the calculated ones. If there is insufficient congruence between the two, the hypothesis must be revised. Hence, the thermokinetic elaboration of the kinetics of a chemical 

To be able to validate the results quickly, it is advisable that a large variety of mathematical-analytical results be available. Such a variety is established at first by a thermokinetic discussion of different reaction systems in an ideal diluted solution. 

To that end, the fact that all physical properties fundamentally change during the chemical conversion, as does the volume V of reaction, must be taken into account. This means that the concentration Cj/i, i.e. the mol number of the components j respectively i per unit of volume reaction mixture, changes not only as a result of a decrease respectively increase in the mol number of component j respectively i, but also as a result of the synchronous change in the volume of the mixture due to the reaction. Hence, the total change in the concentratirm per unit of time is composed of the partial change (dcj/i/dt) due to the reactimi and the partial change (dCj/i/df) Q due to expansion dV/dt 0) or contractirm dVJdt 0). Hence, it reads 

This equation represents the correlation between the rate of change in concentration, the rate of change in formula conversion and the rate of change in volume. 

The change in the constituents in solutions during a chemical reaction generally has only a small effect on the density of the reaction mixture. As a rule, the change 

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Fig. 2.1 Principle of accurate determination of thermal reaction power during an isothermal, discontinuous reaction [based on the same measuring principle of the calorimeter, this system of intermediate thermostat—controlled heater, base thermostat (controlled heat sink)—was replaced recently [54] by a new type of intermediate thermostat metal, bordering controlled Peltier elements, thermostat (controlled heat sink)]...

Device with Reflux Condenser for Isothermal, Discontinuous Reaction (Isothermal Condition)... 

Fig. 5.22 Comparison of sensor signal T2f versus time for different rate orders of conversion, triazine A and naphthylamine sulphonic acid B, in aqueous solution, non-isothermal, discontinuous reaction, isoperibolic condition, Ao = Bq...

Fig. 4.1 Rate function of order 0 Isothermal, discontinuous, c

Fig. 4.2 Rate function of order 0.5 Isothermal, discontinuous, constant-volume reaction = i -Cjo -5-V(-AHx)-(l-///E)...

Fig. 4.6 Rate function directly proportional to the product of the two reactants j and j + a r = k Cj Cj+c, finite surplus of reactant j + o, different stoichiometric coefficients (cq+o)o — Cjo) /cjo = S, Vj+o/vj = y isothermal, discontinuous, constant-volume reaction...

Rate functions of order 0 isothermal, discontinuous, constant-volume reactions... 

Fig. 4.15 Two-stage, consecutive reaction A b c. Rate functions of order 1 isothermal, discontinuous, constant-volume reaction q = q t)+/ -EXP(—O...

Fig. 4.16 Consecutive, two-stage reaction. Rate functions of order 1, isothermal, discontinuous,...

Fig. 5.10 Fundamental course of relative concentrations versus time after instantaneous dosage of H2O2 in a batch of R1-S-R2, by which (ch202)o/(cri-s-r2)o < 3, an isothermal, discontinuous conversion, constant-volume reaction...

Fig. 5.16 Thermal reaction power q and relation CO2/A0 during reaction of hexamethylene-diisocyanate (H) and formic acid (A) p.a. 5.81 g F 171 g H, i.e. in large excess T = 0 °C rpm= 1,500 — A/fxreaotion step(n) = 18/21/92/92 kJ/formula conversion isothermal, discontinuous conversion. H Q A means additive compound of H and A...

Fig. 5.19 Temporal course of signal 2F of temperature sensor after injection of triazine A in aqueous solution of naphthylamine sulphonic acid B, non-isothermal, isopeiibolic, discontinuous reaction...

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