Isomorphous Inclusion

Inclusion is associated with trapping of ions of similar charge and size to the analytes and reagent, which causes isomorphous inclusion in the precipitate and tends to occur in colloidal precipitates due to the large surface area. 

Isomorphous inclusion - tnie isomoqoMsm (soUd solutions)... 

Fig. 23. Stereo view of the 1 1 20 cyclohexene clathrate viewed down the channel axis (the inclusion compound of 20 with cyclohexane is isomorphous)26)...

Fig. 29. Stereoview of the 1 1 DTU diethyl ether clathrate (the inclusion compound of DTU with diethylamine is isomorphous)45)...

The structures of the acetic acidS0) and of the propionic acid71 inclusions of 26 (Fig. 20, type III) are isomorphous to each other. The increased guest volume with respect to formic acid yields 1 1 stoichiometry, with no H-bonds between host and guest molecules in either case. The tunnel where the dimers of guests are situated (see Fig. 32 a) is functionally the same as in the case of the self-dimerized pairs of the formic acid guests. 

Fig. 30. Stereoscopic space filling illustrations of inclusion ohannels present in 1 alcohol clathrates 2). In each illustration, one of the guest molecules included in the channel is specified by shading (atoms of the guest molecules are shown with 20 % of their van der Waals radii throughout these representations) (a) 1 MeOH (1 2) (b) 1 2-PrOH (1 2) and 1 EtOH (1 2). Due to isomorphism only the 2-PrOH structure is shown (guest H atoms are omitted for the sake of clarity) (c) 1 2-BuOH (1 1).

More quantitatively, it appears to a first approximation that the unit cell contraction of a compound containing Mn2+, Co2+, Ni2+, or Fe2+, relative to the isomorphous Mg+2 compound, is a linear function of the Ax of the metal-ligand bond if we neglect selenides and tellurides. Inclusion of these more covalent compounds indicates a greater dependence on Ax. 

Kirkova E., Djarova M., Donkova B. Inclusion of isomorphous impurities during crystallization lfom solutions, Progress in Crystal Growth and Characterization of Materials, Volume 32, Issues 1-3, 1996, Pages 111-134. 

A (locally) closed substack of an algebraic stack S is a full sub category T C S which is an algebraic stack, which contains together with any t 6 Ob([Pg.6]

Since deg(X)= 1 and dim(X) n, X contains a projective subspace L of dimension n as a closed subscheme the equality of their Hilbert polynomials implies that the inclusion L c X is an isomorphism. 

In order to find a possible disordering of the guest, the isomorphous replacement method was used. 1-methylnaphthalene was replaced with 1-bromonaphthalene, and the resulted inclusion compound was isostructural with the methylnaphthalene one. 

Urea forms an isomorphous series of crystalline non-stoichiometric inclusion compounds with n-alkanes and their derivatives (including alcohols, esters, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, amines, nitriles, thioalcohols, and thioethers), provided that their main chain contains six or more carbon atoms. 

Bond length data usually refer to the observed range. Where single values appear, these are averaged values. For phases without bond length data, inclusion in the table relies on X-ray powder data showing isomorphism with known species. 

---