Isomers of Trinitrotoluene

The by-products of industrial TNT, including isomers of trinitrotoluene, dinitrotoluene, trinitrobenzene and dinitrobenzene, were investigated using LC/ MS-APCI in the negative-ion mode to build a profile for the characterization of TNT samples from various origins [21], MS/MS-CID was used for further identification of some of the nitroaromatic isomers. 

The reactivity of nitro groups positioned olp- to other nitro groups has implications for the use of other polynitroarylenes as explosives. For example, of the numerous possible isomers of trinitrotoluene, only the symmetrical 2,4,6-isomer (a-TNT) is chemically stable enough for use as an explosive. Only in the case of the 2,4,6-isomer are the three nitro groups positioned m- to one another all other isomers of trinitrotoluene contain either one or two nitro group in... 

Isomers of Trinitrotoluene. Several isomers are known alpha, beta, gamma, delta, epsilon and zeta (see Trinitrotoluenes, described under Toluene and Its Derivatives)... 

The action of some inorganic substances on unsymmetrical isomers of trinitrotoluene is mentioned on p. 331, Vol. I. 

The p- and y- isomers of trinitrotoluene also form molecular compounds (1 1) with naphthalene, acenaphthene, fluorene, phenanthrene and anthracene (Jefremov and Bogush [107] Jefremov and Frolova [107a]). 

UNSYMMETRICAL ISOMERS OF TRINITROTOLUENE The following unsymmetrical trinitro derivatives of toluene are known ... 

The physical properties of the unsymmetrical isomers of trinitrotoluene are similar to those of a- trinitrotoluene. They are crystalline substances of a pale yellow colour, soluble in most organic solvents, insoluble in water and non-hygroscopic. 

HEATS OF COMBUSTION AND FORMATION OF UNSYMMETRICAL ISOMERS OF TRINITROTOLUENE... 

The unsymmetrical isomers of trinitrotoluene readily react with aqueous solutions of sodium or potasium hydroxide, forming salts of dinitrocresol (Will [37]) ... 

Sodium hydroxide gives the following colour reactions with the unsymmetrical isomers of trinitrotoluene (Table 79). 

The unsymmetrical isomers of trinitrotoluene also give specific reactions with sodium carbonate and with lead oxide. The former also affects the ignition temperatures of the isomers. The corresponding data are tabulated below, in Table 80 (after Brunswig [141]). 

SPECIFIC REACTIONS OF THE UNSYMMETRICAL ISOMERS OF TRINITROTOLUENE WITH... 

The unsymmetrical isomers of trinitrotoluene are affected by light in an apparently similar way, as in the instance of a- isomer, turning brown on exposure to sun. However, the chemical nature of the process has not been investigated. 

Apart from the unsymmetrical isomers of trinitrotoluene, other by-products are formed in the nitration process, owing to oxidation or decomposition processes. 

The TNT is filtered off in a vacuum tank and washed, first with 70% and then with 45% sulphuric acid, each used in the proportion of 800 kg for 1000 kg of TNT, and finally several times with water. By using acid of a gradually reduced concentration for washing a very effective removal of oily impurities of DNT and of isomers of trinitrotoluene can be achieved. 

Milone and Massa [94] prepared another isomer of trinitrotoluene, namely nitrophenyl dinitromethane (II) by the action of nitrogen dioxide on benzaldoxime followed by the nitration of the resultant product ... 

Unsymmctrical isomers of trinitrotoluene and by-products of nitration of toluene Teiranitromethane While compound Impurities of TNT... 

A number of analytical papers have been dedicated to the detection of isomers of trinitrotoluene and by-products by gas chromatography (57j, NMR (58) and by TLC 159],... 

Elucidation of the structure of a-tnniirotolaene Kinetics of the nitration of dinitroioluene to trinitrotoluene Explosive properties of TNT Toxicity of a-trinitrotoluene Metabolism of iriniiroiolucne Uns mmctrical isomers of trinitrotoluenes Physical properties Thermochemical properties Heat of crystallization Heat of combustion and of formation Heat of nitration Chemical properties Reactions With alkalis Reaction with sodium sulphite Effect of light... 

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