Isobars maxima

Temperature of Maximum Density The TMD line is defined as the locus of isobaric maxima of density p vs. T dp/dT) p = 0) or the locus of isochoric minima of pressure P vs. T dP/dT)v = 0). For pressure values above P = —3.80 GPa, the TMD line was obtained from NPT MD simulations. Below P = —3.80 GPa, cavitation in NPT MD simulations was observed and hence NVT MD simulations were performed to locate isochoric minima of pressure. The TMD obtained from density maxima along isobars and pressure minima along isochors are shown in Figs. 14 and 15, respectively. 

The data in Tables I-XVI (see Appendix for all tables) show the isobaric vapor-liquid equilibrium results at the boiling point for potassium, ammonium, tetramethylammonium, tetraethylammonium, tetra-n-propylammonium, and tetra-n-butylammonium bromides in various ethanol-water mixtures at fixed liquid composition ratios. The temperature, t, is the boiling temperature for all solutions in these tables. In all cases, the ethanol-water composition was held constant between 0.20 and 0.35 mole fraction ethanol since it is in this range that the most dramatic salt effects on vapor-liquid equilibrium in this particular system should be observed. That is, previous data (12-15,38) have demonstrated that a maximum displacement of the vapor-liquid equilibrium curve by salts frequently occurs in this region. In the results presented here, it should be noted that Equation 1 has been modified to... 

In type VI phase behaviour a three-phase curve l2hg is found with an LCEP and an UCEP. Both critical endpoints are of the type (l2=li)+g and are connected by a l2=h critical curve which shows a pressure maximum. For this type of phase behaviour at constant pressure closed loop isobaric regions of l2+li equilibria are found with a lower critical solution temperature and an upper critical solution temperature. 

The steps for constructing and interpreting an isothermal, isobaric thermodynamic model for a natural water system are quite simple in principle. The components to be incorporated are identified, and the phases to be included are specified. The components and phases selected "model the real system and must be consistent with pertinent thermodynamic restraints—e.g., the Gibbs phase rule and identification of the maximum number of unknown activities with the number of independent relationships which describe the system (equilibrium constant for each reaction, stoichiometric conditions, electroneutrality condition in the solution phase). With the phase-composition requirements identified, and with adequate thermodynamic data (free energies, equilibrium con-... 

Figure 13 shows the exergetic efficiency vs. the maximum temperature for different combustion processes with and without intermediate reactions. As a comparison, the adiabatic, isobaric... 

The off-craton mantle subset is shown relative to isobaric batch melt extraction curves on plots of normative olivine and major-element oxides versus Mg in Figure 17. Generally speaking, off-craton mantle compositions are consistent with effectively 0-30% melt extraction from fertile upper mantle in the range of 1-5 GPa. The chemical signature recorded in off-craton mantle mimics closely the maximum degree of melt extraction recorded in oceanic mantle, but in contrast there are many samples that show little or... 

---