Ischaemia-reperfusion injury

The importance of iron in ischaemia-reperfusion injury through generation of ODFRs via the Haber-Weiss... 

Although these data provided indirect evidence of iron involvement in ischaemia-reperfusion injury in kidneys and the combined administration of DFX and indomethacin had proved beneficial in actual survival experiments (Gower etal., 1989a), we still felt fhistrated by our inability to generate more direct evidence. At that time, information was just emerging that a small pool of intracellular iron was available in catalytic form as chelates... 

Increased levels of cytosolic calcium could potentiate ischaemia-reperfusion injury in several ways. For example, conversion of xanthine dehydrogenase to xanthine oxidase may be catalysed by a calcium-dependent protease (McCord, 1985). However, because it has been so difficult to demonstrate the presence of xanthine... 

The theory underlying the pathophysiology of ischaemia-reperfusion injury, and the role of free radicals in this process has been discussed in detail above. The human colon contains relatively little XO (Parks and Granger, 1986) and so the arguments supporting a role for this enzyme in the pathogenesis of small bowel... 

Adkinson, D., Hollwarth, M.E., Benoit, J.N., Parks, D.A., McCord, J.M. and Granger, D.N. (1986). Role of free radicals in ischaemia-reperfusion injury to the liver. Acta Physiol. Scand. 548 (Suppl.), 101-107. 

Jaeschke, H., Farhood, A. and Smith, C.W. (1990). Neutrophils contribute to ischaemia/reperfusion injury in rat liver in vivo. FASEB J. 4, 3355-3359. 

Murthy, S., Qi, Q-H. (1992). Direct evidence for ischaemia-reperfusion injury (R/1) in the rat proximal colon. Gastroenterology 102, A669. 

Osborne, D.L., Carter, P.R., Aw, T.Y. and Kvietys, P.R. (1992). Attenuation of ischaemia/reperfusion injury by a previous ischaemic insult. Gastroenterology 102, A231. 

Parks, D.A. and Granger, D.N. (1988). Ischaemia-reperfusion injury a radical view. Hepatology 8, 680-682. 

Pitt, R.M., McKelvey, T.G., Saenger, J.S., Shah, A.K., Jones, H.P., Manci, E.A. and Powell, R.W. (1991). A tungsten-supplemented diet delivered by transplacental and breastfeeding routes lowers intestinal xanthine oxidase activity and affords cytoprotection in ischaemia-reperfusion injury to the small intestine. J. Paediatr. Suig. 26, 930-935. 

Stein, H.J., Oosthuizen, M.M., Hinder, R.A. and Lamprechts, H. (1991). Oxygen free radicals and glutathione in hepatic ischaemia/reperfusion injury. J. Surg. Res. 50, 398-402. 

Walker, P.M. (1991). Ischaemia/reperfusion injury in skeletal muscle. Ann. Vase. Surg. 5, 399—402. 

As stated at the beginning of this article, the liver is the most intensively studied animal tissue in biochemistry. In the context of the role of free radicals in human diseases, the liver is not obviously at centre stage, since heart disease and cancer are more important in the industrialized world than, for example, cirrhosis. Free-radical biochemistry of the liver will remain a fertile area of work, however, not least because so many original ideas and techniques are developed there and then applied to the study of other tissues. The increasing use of liver transplantation, following the acceptance of kidney and heart transplants as almost routine, will surely increase the interest in the study of ischaemia-reperfusion injury in... 

Another antioxidative enzyme that has been targeted to the liver is catalase (CAT). Suc-cinylation and mannosylation resulted in an increased accumulation of the protein in the non-parenchymal cells of the liver. Furthermore, the CAT derivatives reduced hepatic injury in an ischaemia/reperfusion injury model [56]. 

Ikeda H, Suzuki Y, Suzuki M, Koike M, Tamura J, Tong J, Nomura M, Itoh G (1998) Apoptosis is a major mode of cell death caused by ischaemia and ischaemia/reperfusion injury to the rat intestinal epithelium. Gut 42(4) 530-537... 

Lefer, A. M., Weyrich, A. S., and Buerke, M. Role of selectins, a new family of adhesion molecules, in ischaemia-reperfusion injury. Cardiovasc. Res. 28 289-294, 1994. 

Chi, N.C., and Karliner, J.S. 2004. Molecular determinants of responses to myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury focus on hypoxia-inducible and heat shock factors. Cardiovasc. Res. 61 437-447. 

Squadrito F, Altavilla D, Squadrito G, Saitta A, Deodato B, Arlotta M, et al. Tacrolimus limits polymorphonuclear leucocyte accumulation and protects against myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2000 32 429 140. 

Halestrap AP, et al. Cyclosporin A binding to mitochondrial cyclophilin inhibits the permeability transition pore and protects hearts from ischaemia/reperfusion injury. Mol. Cell Biochem. 1997 174 167-172. 

---