Irritation factors affecting

FACTORS AFFECTING IRRITATION RESPONSES AND TEST OUTCOME 371... 

Falk, H. L.. P. Kotin, and W. Rowlette. Factors affecting mucus and its secretion The response of mucus-secreting epithelium and mucus to irritants. Ann. N.Y Acad. Sci. 106 583-608, 1%3. 

Tagami H, Ogino A. 1973. Kerosine dermatitis Factors affecting skin irritability to kerosine. Dermatologica 146(2) 123-131. 

Factors Affecting Irritation Responses and Test Outcomes... 

The numerous factors affecting the cutaneous irritation level induced by a product/ surfactant can be subdivided into factors linked to the subjects (test volunteers, consumers. 

Health and Safety Factors. Both pyromellitic acid and its dianhydride irritate skin, eyes, and mucous membranes, and they cause skin sensitization (156). When it comes in contact with moist tissue the dianhydride converts to the acid. Direct contact with should be avoided and protective clothing should be worn in areas where it is used. The LD q for intergastric administration in rats is 2.2—2.6 g/kg (157). In 6-mo experiments, the maximum nontoxic dose was 0.07 mg/kg/d, and it affected the fiver, kidney, and reproductive tract. Precautions against fire and dust explosions as explained in the terephthafic acid section should be foUowed. 

Threshold limit values (TLVs) refer to airborne concentrations of substances and represent conditions under which it is believed that nearly all workers may be repeatedly exposed day after day without adverse effect. Because of wide variation in individual susceptibility, a small percentage of workers may experience discomfort from some substances at or below the threshold limit a smaller percentage may be affected more seriously by aggravation of a preexisting condition or by development of an occupational illness. Threshold limits are based on the best available information from industrial experience, from experimental human and animal studies, and when possible, from a combination of the three. The basis on which the values are established may differ from substance to substance protection against impairment of health may be a guiding factor for some, whereas reasonable freedom from irritation, narcosis, nuisance, or other forms of stress may form the basis for others. Three categories of TLVs follow ... 

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