Iron phthalocyanine structure

In addition to nonheme iron complexes also heme systems are able to catalyze the oxidation of benzene. For example, porphyrin-like phthalocyanine structures were employed to benzene oxidation (see also alkane hydroxylation) [129], Mechanistic investigations of this t3 pe of reactions were carried out amongst others by Nam and coworkers resulting in similar conclusions like in the nonheme case [130], More recently, Sorokin reported a remarkable biological aromatic oxidation, which occurred via formation of benzene oxide and involves an NIH shift. Here, phenol is obtained with a TON of 11 at r.t. with 0.24 mol% of the catalyst. 

Catalysts from active carbon additionally activated with cobalt- or iron- phthalocyanines are also studied [7], The results show that at current densities up to 50 mA/cm2, the polarization of the air electrodes with catalyst from active carbon promoted with FePc is lower than that of the electrode with catalyst from active carbon promoted with CoPc. At higher current density the polarization of the electrode with catalyst from active carbon promoted with CoPc is lower, which is probably connected to the lower transport hindrances, due to the more favorable structure of this catalyst. 

In 1929, Linsted obtained samples of this complex from ICI chemists (Scottish Dyes Ltd was now owned by ICI). ICI had developed two routes leading to the phthalocyanine iron complex. One method started from phthalic anhydride, iron, and ammonia, while the second pathway proceeded from phthalimide, iron sulfide, and ammonia. In 1933/34, elucidation of the phthalocyanine structure was credited to Linstead. The corresponding copper and nickel phthalocyanines had been prepared in the meantime. ICI introduced the first Copper Phthalocyanine Blue to the market as early as 1935, and the Ludwigshafen subsidiary of the IG Farben-industrie followed suit with a corresponding product. 

PHTHALOCYANINE COMPOUNDS. Phthalocyanine. C32HISN8, compounds have found widespread acceptance in a variety of applications. The discovery of iron phthalocyanine and Ihe elucidation of ics structure led to the commercial application of copper phthalocyanine. 

The chemical structure of iron-phthalocyanine is shown on Figure 1. PcFe is a planar molecule with a central cavity in which the iron atom is located. Metal phthalocyanines may be sublimated and the deposition of PcFe on the carbon support has been done by vapor phase condensation (16). During the condensation, the carbon supports are kept at 235°C, Condensation rates were in the range 2-4 mg PcFe per hour. Samples with PcFe content ranging from 0.5 to 30 % in weight have been prepared with both carbon substrates. 

Synthesis, structure, and properties of coordination compounds of iron phthalocyanine series and their analogs 00UK355. 

Kim, S. and G. Kwag (2002). Increased catalytic activity of iron phthalocyanine on the electrochemical nitrite reduction upon heat-treatment probed by x-ray absorption fine structure. Bull. Korean Chem. Soc. 23(1), 25-26. 

Stefan IC, Mo Y, Ha SY, Scherson D (2003) In situ Fe K-edge X-ray absorption fine structure of a nitrosyl adduct of iron phthalocyanine irreversibly adsorbed on a high area carbon electrode in an acidic electrolyte, Inorg Chem 42(14) 4316-4321... 

Fig. 9.5 Molecular structure of (a) iron phthalocyanine and (b-d) iron phthalocyanine with...

Figure 5. Structure of iron(phthalocyanine) within the faujasite cavity as calculated via molecular mechanics. Carbon and hydrogen atoms of the metal complex are shown as unshaded dark and open circles respectively. Silicon and oxygen atoms of the zeolite are shown as shaded circles. Two views are given, (a) Along the S4 direction in the cavity with two phenyl rings of the metal complex emerging from the tetrahedral holes in the direction of the viewer and the other two rings in the tetrahedral holes away from the viewer, (b) Perpendicular to the S4 axis showing phenyl rings in their tetrahedral holes. The backbone of the metal complex and faujasite cavity are shown.

Only a handful of rr-bonded iron porphyrin complexes have been structurally characterized, listed in Table HI, and four of these contain porphycene. corrolc. or phthalocyanine ligands rather than porphyrins. " "" Selected data arc given in Table III, and X-ray crystal structures of methyl- and phenyliron porphyrin complexes are shown in Fig. 4. All of the iron(III) porphyrin complexes exhibit... 

The phthalocyanine [1-4] system is structurally derived from the aza-[18]-annulene series, a macrocyclic hetero system comprising 18 conjugated n-electrons. Two well known derivatives of this parent structure, which is commonly referred to as porphine, are the iron(III)complex of hemoglobin and the magnesium complex of chlorophyll. Both satisfy the Htickel and Sondheimer (4n + 2)- electron rule and thus form planar aromatic systems. 

The structure of bis(piperidine)-aPy5-tetraphenylporphinatoiron(ii) shows the complex to have an octahedral [FeN ] core. The 4 1 complex between 4-methylpyridine and iron(ii) phthalocyanine has only two 4-Mepy groups co-ordinated to the metal in a rrfl/j.< -octahedral arrangement.The dimerization of iron(ii) phthalocyanine in DM SO has been studied and iron(ii) phthalocyanines have been used as n.m.r. shift reagents for amines. Although... 

Monolayer structures and epitaxial growth of vapor-deposited crystalline phthalocyanine films on single crystal copper substrates were studied using low energy electron diffraction Ordered monolayers of three different phthalocyanines, copper, iron, and metal-free, were seen on two different faces of copper, the (111) and (100). The monolayer structures formed were different on the two crystal faces and the several phthalocyanines yield nonidentical monolayer structures. 

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