Ionogel Electrolytes for Lithium Batteries

The use of ILs to replace organic solvents in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) is now well established. Quasi-solid electrolytes with liquid-like mobilities could be prepared by simple mechanical mixing process. This allowed not only an increase of the robustness and stability of the cells but also an improvement of their performance [49,50]. 

The immobilization of enzymes in ionogels has been found to be an efficient approach to achieve higher activities in biocatalysis. The first example, reported by Liu et al, demonstrated that the activity of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was about 30-fold greater when it was immobilized in an ionogel rather than in silica without IL and proved an excellent thermal stability [60]. Recently, ILs have also been used as sustainable media in bioelectrochemistry [61]. 

The intrinsic conductivity of the ionogels can also be exploited to prepare electrochemical sensors. As an example, IL-modified electrodes for enzymatic electrochemical reaction were prepared by sol-gel. An amperometric biosensor was obtained using ionogel fihn doped with HRP and ferrocene. The ionogel retain the native structure of the enzymes and enhance the electrochemical response at electrode [68]. 

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