Ionic strength Term Links

X 10 M s and was 3.1 x 10 M s" at 25°C, pH 7.0 and ionic strength of 1.0 . Kinetic data was interpreted in terms of a mechanism of electron transfer from chromium(II) involving attack of Cr(II) adjacent to the Fe(III) center Analysis of the one-to-one chromium(III) cytochrome c complex revealed that the chromium(III) cross-linked two peptide fragments located in the heme.crevice by binding to tyrosine 67 and asparagine 52 The chromium(III) bound to reduced cytochrome c did not affect the ability of the protein to be reoxidized with ferricyanide and then to be reduced with dithionite . The chromium complex was oxidized by cytochrome oxidase at the same rate as the untreated ferrocytochrome c, however, the rate of reduction of the chromium complex by bovine heart submitochondrial particles was slower than that of untreated ferricytochrome c Thus, the binding of chromium(III) to cytochrome c appears to selectively inhibit its function in certain electron transfer reactions. 

In terms of environmental effects on DOM fluorescence, it appears that the most dramatic and permanent effect would result from photochemistry or from dehydration caused by evaporation. Largely, this is because pH, metal, and ionic strength effects appear to be reversible, whereas the effects of dehydration and photochemistry are not. Thus, DOM fluorescence ought to be most sensitive to global change conditions that promote photochemistry (pH and metals are linked to this) or dehydration. 

The properties exhibited by polyelectrolytes make them nearly-ideal candidates for dental material formulations. Dental polyelectrolytes are generally considered to be nontoxic and are able to adsorb chemically to the hydrophilic surface of tooth material through ionic interactions. Ionic cross-linking of the polyelectrolyte with multivalent cations (Zn2+, Mg2+, Al3+, Ca2+) results in the formation of a rigid and insoluble cement matrix. The stability and strength of the cement is attributed to the fact that, if a bond is broken, it can be reformed as long as the other bonds are maintained. Even today, polyelectrolytes are the only materials which are known with certainty to form a bond, which is stable with time, to tooth material [120]. In addition to long-term stability, many polyelectrolytes are translucent and possess cariostatic properties [121]. 

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