Ion-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

1 Performance Specifications for I EM Fuel Cells and Batteries for Space Applications 

Polarization data collected by various scientists on propane, propylene, and cyclopropane indicate that cyclopropane produces the highest current density of these hydrocarbons. Studies perfumed by the scientists reveal that around 90°C or so, with a platinum catalyst and three-molar sulfuric acid electrolyte, a current density of 38 mA/cm can be achieved, which will be reduced to about 35 mA/cm because of resistive loss in the cell. The latest research data indicate that, at present, current densities of 90—100 mA/cm have been achieved at 0.3-0.4 V using propane. 

2 Fuel Cells Using Low-Cost Porous Silicon Substrate Materials 

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Cairns, E.J. Douglas, D.L. Niedrach, L.S.W. Performance of fractional-watt ion-exchange membrane fuel cells. AIChE 1961, 7, 551-558. 

Niedrach. LW. Grubb. W.T.. Ion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells, in Fuel Cell. Mitchell. W.. Jr., (Ed.), Academic Press, New York. 1963. 

Niedrach L, Grubb W (1963) Ion exchange membrane fuel cells. Fuel cells. Academic, New York, pp... 

Reiser, C., (1997) Ion exchange membrane fuel cell power plant with water management pressure differentials. United States Patent 5,700,595. 

Fuel cells that have ion-exchange membranes as electrolytes represent another group of low-temperature cells. Membranes containing sulfonic acid groups linked directly to a polymer network were used [7] sucess-fully. The groups are not leached from the system by the production of water which is rejected because of the limited capacity of the membranes for water. An aqueous electrolyte is contained between two membranes in other types [8] of ion-exchange membrane fuel cells. Each of the membranes supports an electrode on one side. 

PEMFC requires an ion exchange polymer in the form of a continuous pore free sheet. The properties which characterize the ideal ion exchange membrane fuel cell electrolyte will include the following high... 

Membrane-type fuel cells. The electrolyte is a polymeric ion-exchange membrane the working temperatures are 60 to 100°C. Such systems were first used in Gemini spaceships. These fuel cells subsequently saw a rather broad development and are known as (solid) polymer electrolyte or proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). 

Figure 29. Conductivity of some intermediate-temperature proton conductors, compared to the conductivity of Nafion and the oxide ion conductivity of YSZ (yttria-stabilized zirconia), the standard electrolyte materials for low- and high-temperature fuel cells, proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), and solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs).

Raistrick ID. Modified gas diffusion electrode for proton exchange membrane fuel cells. In Van Zee JW, White RE, Kinoshita K, Barney HS, editors. Proceedings of the Symposium on Diaphragms, Separators, and Ion-Exchange Membranes Pennington, NJ The Electrochemical Society 1986. Vol. PY-86. p. 172. 

An electrolyte is an essential component within fuel cells, used to facilitate the selective migration of ions between the electrodes. Fuel cells are typically classified according to the electrolytes used alkaline fuel cell (AFC), polymer electrolyte (or proton exchange membrane) fuel cell (PEMFC), phosphoric acid fuel cell (PAFC),... 

Raistrick, I.D. Modified gas diffusion electrode for proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Proceedings of Symposium on Diapharms, Separators and Ion Exchange Membranes White, R.E., Konishita, K., Van Zee, J.W., Burney, H.S., Eds. Electrochemical Society Pennington, NJ, 1986 PV 86-13, 172-178. 

Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) Proton-conducting ion-exchange membrane 80 °C Stationary, mobile, portable... 

Damay F, Klein LC (2003) Transport properties of Nafion composite membranes for proton-exchange membranes fuel cells. Solid State Ion 162-163 261-267... 

Unlu M, Zhou J, Kohl P (2009) Anion exchange membrane fuel cells experimental comparison of hydroxide and carbonate conductive ions fuel cells and energy conversion. Electrochem Solid State Lett 12(3) B27-B30... 

In 2008, Boeing announced that it has, for the first time in aviation history, flown a manned airplane powered hy hydrogen fuel cells. The Fuel Cell Demonstrator Airplane used a proton exchange membrane fuel cell and Uthium-ion battery hybrid system to power an electric motor, which was coupled to a conventional propeller. 

Yuflt V, Brandon NP (2011) Development and application of an actively controlled hybrid proton exchange membrane fuel cell-lithium-ion battery laboratory test-bed based on off-the-shelf components. J Power Sources 196 801-807. doi 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.06.029... 

Stroma Z, Watanabe S, Yasuda K, Fukuta K, Yanagi H (2011) Mathematical modeling of the concentration profile of carbonate ions in an anion exchange membrane fuel cell. J Electrochem Soc 158 B682-B689. doi 10.1149/1.3576120... 

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