Iodine deficiency magnitude

Until the early 1980s, only a few countries were known to be affected by iodine deficiency, but over the last two decades, knowledge of the global magnitude of iodine deficiency has improved considerably. The surveillance of iodine deficiency worldwide and the current extent of the problem is the focus of this chapter. 

Historical Perspective on the Magnitude of Iodine Deficiency Throughout the World... 

This chapter will discuss the physiology of iodine deficiency in pregnancy, in addition to outlining the magnitude of the problem and its assessment in clinical practice. 

Table 52.8 Magnitude and global prevention approach to iodine deficiency disorders...

The greatest deficits registered in the children of iodine-deficient pregnant women, in our moderately deficient area, are in the verbal subscale, and in the General Cognitive Index. The magnitude of this loss represents 10-11% of the adequately nourished children. 

The data presented indicate the magnitude of the goiter endemia. To approach this problem a Polish Council for Control of Iodine Deficient Disorders ( PCC IDD ) was organized in April 1991 and a preliminary program of prophylactic measures was presented to the Ministry of Health. The PCC IDD requested the Ministry to organize the large scale iodization of salt with a concentration of 25 mg Kl/kg. With a salt consumption of about 5-10 g/day this gives a daily iodine intake of 125 - 250 ug. 

The results confirm the low incidence of iodine deficiency in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region. The mean values of iodine excretion in the children (150 ig/L) and in the mothers (206 Xg/L) were of the same magnitude, but did not correlate each other (r = 0.173, p> 0.3). No significant differences were found when the etiology of CH was considered. 

TSH is produced in response to decreased iodine intake and diminished thyroid hormone production and is used as a measure of iodine status. TSH is best measured in neonates—in the developed world for surveillance against congenital hypothyroidism, and in endemic countries to estimate the magnitude of iodine deficiency. Neonatal TSH has been a useful advocacy tool to demonstrate to policy makers... 

Weak-electron sharing bonding In magnitude, this is of the same value as the hydrogen bond. It is also the Lewis acid-Lewis base bond (comparable to Brpnsted acids and bases). Such forces might contribute appreciably to cohesiveness at interfaces a typical example is the weak association of iodine (I2) with benzene or any polyaromatic compound. The interaction is the donation of the electrons of I2 to the electron-deficient aromatic molecules (jr-electrons). 

Micronutrient deficiencies are one of the most prevalent public health problems affecting more than two billion people worldwide (UNICEF and MI 2004). The magnitude of the problem is much greater in developing countries, where multiple micronutrient (MMN) deficiencies often occur concurrently as a result of poor quality diet. Although vitamin A, iron and iodine are the major micronutrient deficiencies in populations, deficiencies of zinc, vitamin C, folic add and other B vitamins (vitamin B2, Bg, B12 and niacin) are often present simultaneously (Huffman et al. 1999). MMN deficiencies are common throughout the lifespan, but specially in pregnant women and children. Micronutrient defidencies, if left untreated, can have considerable consequences on health and economic development (UNICEF and MI 2004). 

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