Iodine deficiency economic development

Iodine deficiency affects the socioeconomic development of an afflicted community in other ways than its important physiological manifestations, viz., goiter, hypothyroidism, cretinism, reproductive failure, and child mortality, among others. The socioeconomic retardation of the affected community occurs in two ways. People are mentally slower and less vigorous, so it is harder to educate and motivate them, and thus they are less productive in their work. Besides, iodine deficiency produces more handicapped individuals who depend on others for their care, which in turn diverts the community resources. Secondly, in most of the areas, agriculture is the most important economic activity, and domestic animals suffer from iodine deficiency in much the same way as people do. Therefore, domestic animals are smaller in size and produce less meat, eggs and wool. They also suffer from abortion and are often sterile. 

Up until the 1970 s there was dispute as to whether cretinism was truly related to iodine deficiency. The spontaneous decline during the 19th century, without formal iodisation programs, raised this possibility. It is now recognised that this spontaneous decline was probably due to increase in iodine intake associated with social and economic development. 

Micronutrient deficiencies are one of the most prevalent public health problems affecting more than two billion people worldwide (UNICEF and MI 2004). The magnitude of the problem is much greater in developing countries, where multiple micronutrient (MMN) deficiencies often occur concurrently as a result of poor quality diet. Although vitamin A, iron and iodine are the major micronutrient deficiencies in populations, deficiencies of zinc, vitamin C, folic add and other B vitamins (vitamin B2, Bg, B12 and niacin) are often present simultaneously (Huffman et al. 1999). MMN deficiencies are common throughout the lifespan, but specially in pregnant women and children. Micronutrient defidencies, if left untreated, can have considerable consequences on health and economic development (UNICEF and MI 2004). 

Consequences of iodine deficiency in Europe on agriculture and socio-economic development... 

Thus, iodine deficiency is a major block to the human and social development of communities living in an iodine-deficient environment. Correction of the iodine deficiency is indicated as a major contribution to economic development. An increase in physical and mental energy leads to improved work output, improved learning by children, and improved quality of life. Improved livestock productivity (chickens, cattle, and sheep) is also a major economic benefit. 

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