1- - -iodide complex with palladium dichloride

In 2005 and 2006, Mori et al. reported the arylation of heterocycles with aryl iodides using palladium dichloride complexes as catalysts and silver nitrate or fluoride as activators (Scheme 10.50). The best coupling conditions were obtained with a combination of silver nitrate and potassium fluoride.82... 

The heterobinuclear complex [PdPtCl2( -dppm)2] can also be prepared by treating the product from the reaction of dppm and [Pd(PPh3)4] with [PtCl2(NCBu,)2].76 The corresponding bromide, iodide and thiocyanate dipalladium and palladium-platinum complexes have been prepared by metathesis of the dichloride (9) with NaX.76... 

The chelate-stabilized, electron-rich Pd(0) complex, (dippp)2Pd(0) 6 (Scheme 8) was an efficient catalyst for carbonylation of aryl chlorides. Alper reported that bis(tricyclo-hexylphosphine)paUadium dichloride is an active catalyst for the carbonylation of aryl chlorides to carboxylic acid. Neat aryl chlorides reacted with carbon monoxide and aqueous KOH in the presence of catalytic amounts of this catalyst to give the corresponding carboxylic acids upon subsequent acidification. The Pd-catalyzed amidalion of electron-deficient aryl chloride readily afforded a carbonylation prodnct in the presence of low CO pressure and a slight excess of an iodide salt. Alkoxycarbonylation of aryl chlorides using palladium catalyst Pd(PCy3)2(dba) has been reported. ... 

Some years later, Sonogashira and coworkers (1975) showed that both bromo-and iodoarenes and alkenes could be brought into reaction with terminal alkynes (in a direct extension of the Suzuki and Stephens-Castro reactions) in the presence of catalytic quantities of palladium(ll) (e.g., bis(triphenylphosphine)paUadium dichloride, ([C6H5]3P)2PdCl2, copper(l), e.g., cuprous iodide [Cul]), salts, and a primary (e.g., n-butylamine [CH3CH2CH2CH2NH2]) or secondary (e.g., diethyl-amine [(CH3CH2)2NH]) amine (Chapter 10). The details (Scheme 7.18) of this mild process (which are beyond the scope of this work) are thought to resemble the Heck (Chapter 6, Scheme 6.54) reaction in that a 7i-cloud-metal complex may play an intimate role. 

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