Intramolecular charge-transfer state

Rettig, W. Photoinduced Charge Separation via Twisted Intramolecular Charge Transfer States. 169, 253-300 (1994). 

Kopczynski, M., F. Ehlers, T. Lenzer, and K. Oum. 2007. Evidence for an intramolecular charge transfer state in 12 -apo-beta-caroten- l 2 -al and 8 -apo-beta-caroten-8 -al Influence of solvent polarity and temperature. J. Phys. Chem. A 111 5370-5381. 

Grabowski ZR, Rotkiewicz K, Rettig W (2003) Structural changes accompanying intramolecular electron transfer Focus on twisted intramolecular charge-transfer states and structures. Chem Rev 103 3899 4031... 

Seo J, Kim S, Park SY (2004) Strong solvatochromic fluorescence from the intramolecular charge-transfer state created by excited-state intramolecular proton transfer. J Am Chem Soc 126 11154-11155... 

Herbich J, Kapturkiewicz A (1991) Radiative and radiationless depopulation of the excited intramolecular charge transfer states aryl derivatives of aromatic amines. Chem Phys 158 143-153... 

Hara K, Bulgarevich DS, Kajimoto O (1996) Pressure tuning of solvent viscosity for the formation of twisted intramolecular charge-transfer state in 4, 4 -diaminophenyl sulfone in alcohol solution. J Chem Phys 104(23) 9431-9436... 

Intramolecular charge transfer in conjugated donor-acceptor molecules may be accompanied by internal rotation leading to TICT (twisted intramolecular charge transfer) states. A dual fluorescence may be observed as in PCT-5 (Letard et al., 1994) (which resembles the well-known DMABN (see section 3.4.4) containing a dimethylamino group instead of the monoaza-15-crown-5) the short-wavelength... 

Z. R. Grabowski, K. Rotkiewicz, A. Siemiarczuk, D. J. Cowley, and W. Baumann, Twisted intramolecular charge transfer states (TICT). A new class of excited states with a full charge separation, Now. J. Chim. (NewJ. Chem.) 3, 443 (1979). 

J. L. Habib Jiwan and J. P. Soumillion, Electron transfer photochemistry initiated from a twisted intramolecular charge transfer state used as an electron donor and as an acceptor, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A Chem. 64, 145-158 (1992) J. P. Soumillion, Photoinduced electron transfer implying organic anions, in Topics in Current Chemistry, Vol., Photoinduced Electron Transfer (J. Mattay, ed.), Springer Verlag, Berlin, pp. 93-141 (1993). 

K. Rotkiewicz and W. Rubaszewska, Intramolecular charge transfer state and unusual fluorescence from an upper excited singlet of a nonplanar derivative of p-cyano-N,N-dimethylaniline, J. Lumin. 27, 221 (1982). 

W. Rettig, Photoinduced charge separation via twisted intramolecular charge transfer states, in Topics in Current Chemistry, Vol. 169 Electron Transfer I (J. Mattay, ed.), pp. 253-299, Springer Verlag, Berlin (1994). 

J. Dobkowski, W. Rettig, B. Paeplow, K. H. Koch, K. Mullen, R, Lapouyade, andZ. R. Grabowski, Intramolecular charge transfer states in symmetric biaryls. The unusual case of biperylenyl, New. 1. Chem. 18, 525-533 (1994). 

Techert S, Zachariasse KA (2004) Structure determination of the intramolecular charge transfer state in crystalline 4-(diisopropylamino)benzonitrile from picoseconds X-ray diffraction. J Am Chem Soc 126 5593-5600... 

Photochemistry of protonated Schiff bases is also based on conical intersections however, the excited state is ionic and corresponds to an intramolecular charge transfer state thus the theoretical aspects of the problem are distinct from polyenes. 

The first example of e.t. controlled by solvent relaxation was probably the TICT state formation in DMABN and similar molecules [74]. The twisted intramolecular charge transfer state is, however, formed gradually the charge separation increases with the twist angle of the dimethylamino substituent... 

A more direct way of exploring the dynamics of polar solvent in the presence of a solute is by the optical excitation of a solute to an intramolecular charge transfer state and then observing the time-dependent fluorescence, as shown in Fig. 1.7 [47, 52]. To follow the time-dependent fluorescence at short times, faster than the usual fluorescent lifetime of nanoseconds, lasers plus an up-conversion technique were used. A quantity frequently measured is the dynamic Stokes shift S(r),... 

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