Interpenetration electrochemical properties

Modeling an electrochemical interface by the equivalent circuit (EC) representation approach has been exceptionally popular in studies of electrodes modified with polymer membranes, although an analytical approach based on transport equations derived from irreversible thermodynamics was also attempted [6,7]. ECs are typically composed of numerous ideal electrical components, which attempt to represent the redox electrochemistry of the polymer itself, its highly developed morphology, the interpenetration of the electrolyte solution and the polymer matrix, and the extended electrochemical double layer established between the solution and the polymer with variable localized properties (degree of oxidation, porosity, conductivity, etc.). 

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