Interpenetrating polymer networks history

L.H. Sperling, Polymeric Multicomponent Materials An Introduction (Wiley, New York, 1997) L.H. Sperling, Chap. 5 History of interpenetrating polymer networks starting with bakelite-based compositions, in 100+ Years of Plastics. Leo Baekeland and Beyond, ed. by E. Thomas Strom, S.C. Rasmussen. ACS symposium series, vol. 1080 (Oxford University Press, NewYork, 2011)... 

In the era of the mid-1960s, three distinct multipolymer combinations were recognized polymer blends, grafts, and blocks. Although interpenetrating polymer networks, IPNs, were prepared very early in polymer history, and already named by Millar in 1960, they played a relatively low-key role in polymer research developments until the late 1960s and 1970s. 

History of Interpenetrating Polymer Networks and Related Materials... 

L. H. Sperling, History of Interpenetrating Polymer Networks Starting with Bakelite-Based Compositions, ACS Symposium Series, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 2011, pp. 69-82. 

History and Development of Interpenetrating Polymer Networks L. H. Sperling... 

In the last years of the history shown in Table II we see the announcements of new commercial thermoplastic rubbers. Uniroyal TPR appeared in 1971. (This thermoplastic rubber many not be a block polymer. Presumably it is a blend that achieves its properties by virtue of interpenetrating networks between the plastic and rubber constituents. The exact structure has not been disclosed.) Du Pont s Hytrel, an (A-B) polyetherpolyester thermoplastic rubber, came out in 1972. Also in 1972, Shell announced a second generation block polymer, Kraton-G, which is a three-block S-EB-S thermoplastic rubber (EB represents an ethylene-butylene rubbery midblock). 

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