International regimes robustness

Some soft drinks and juices need to be heat-treated to provide a microbiologically stable product. One method considered very reliable and robust is in-pack pasteurising (IPP). This is particularly suitable for heating carbonated products as they cannot be hot-filled. Whether still or carbonated, it is normal to fill the products cold, although some still juices are heat-treated fust, filled warm and then in-pack pasteurised as this allows for a different temperature regime in the IPP cycle as well as giving a better balance of internal/external pressures during and after the IPP treatment. This method is suitable for certain plastic containers and metal cans. 

Kim, T. Human Factors and Regulatory Regime in Design and Construction of Safe and Robust Ships and Maintaining Them for Their Lifetime. Proceedings of the Royal Institution of Naval Architects International Conference on Human Factors in Ship Design, Safety and Operation, 2005, 73-81. 

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