Interlayer opening

Figure 9.7 Proposed structural models for Ru(OOOl) oxidation, where the O, S, and Ru atoms are represented by the open, lightly shaded, and heavily shaded circles, respectively. The interlayer distances are in nanometers and coverage in monolayers (ML). (Reproduced with permission from Wang et al. [2001].)...

Fig. 12 In situ optical switching of the current flowing through a DAE monolayer assembled in a PEDOT PSS interlayer-based LAJ. (a) Comparison of the current densities flowing through as assembled open and closed isomer and upon in-situ photoisomerization.

Figure 8. Percentage illite layers versus equivalents of fixed interlayer cations (Na + K) per illite layer [based on 01o(0H)2]. Solid circles = aluminous smectites with 1 Sr-exchange. Open circles = aluminous smectites with 2 or 3 Sr-exchanges. X = iron-rich smectites with 1 Sr-exchange. Points calculated from data in Tables III, IV, VI, and VIII.

Fig.34 Interlayer species in shigaite, [Mn6Al3(0H)i8][(S04)2 Na(0H2)6 (H20)6], projected down (001) Na(OH2)6 octahedra are cross-shaded, SO4 tetrahedra are random-dot shaded, oxygen atoms of water are shown as black circles, hydrogen atoms of water molecules as small open circles and dotted lines indicate hydrogen bonds. Reprinted with permission from [259]. Copyright Mineralogical Association of Canada...

The acidic properties of alumina pillared clays have been extensively studied from the interest in using the pillared clays as cracking catalysts [21-24]. Sakurai et al. [25] studied the acidic properties of the alumina pillared clays with different kinds of silicate layers and concluded that the alumina pillars between the silicate layers did not have any acidity and that the role played by the pillars was only to make the original acidity of the silicate interlayers more easily accessible through opening the interlayer spaces. 

Fig. L Schematic representation showing two layers of 11A tobermorite adapted from Ziegler (2000) after Hamid (1981). The tetrahedra represent Si04 units, the grey and black spheres represent Ca atoms in the interlayers and main layers respectively and the open circles represent H20 molecules.

Figure 8.2 Topotactic dehydration of Mo03-2H20 (a) (101) projection of M0O3 2H2O (b) (001) projection of M0O3 H2O and (c) (100) projection of M0O3. Open circles denote interlayer water and filled circles, coordinated water. (After GUnter, 1972.)...

During the calcination at 773 K, the sol particles were converted into oxide particles within the interlayer region and rigid pillared layered framework formed in the sol-PILM sample. A two-step procedure is proposed to modify the micropore openings of the solid to enhance the ability of recognizing different molecules. 

---