Interfibrillar

On drying a rigid gel the aqueous phase enmeshed in the feltlike fibrils begins to evaporate, the gel is sufficiently rigid as not to collapse as the interfibrillar spaces become emptied of water and filled with air. Such a gel will, on immersion in other solvents, e.g. toluene, benzene or alcohols, imbibe the liquid. 

The interfibrillar spaces may be regarded as equivalent to a number of capillaries to which a circular cross-section may arbitrarily be assigned. At B, the largest of these capillaries are commencing to empty themselves by evaporation at A the smallest of them are nearly empty. Anderson Z it. Phys. Ghem. Lxxxvni. 191,1914) has calculated these radii for a silica gel with the above assumptions froin determinations of the vapour pressure with the aid of the equation... 

As we have already noted (p. 253) the product of the diffusible ion concentrations in the interior of the fibril ho and in the interfibrillar liquid will be equal. Now for all values of h and c, he > unless = c, there will thus be an excess of diffusible ions in the interior of the fibril over those in the interfibrillar liquid. This excess of diffusible ions in the interior will produce an osmotic pressure proportional to the difference in concentrations and cause the fibril to swell. 

In these expressions, the subscript AB denotes the intrafibrillar amorphous tie-chains, AI the interfibrillar tie-chains and X is the volume fraction of the inter-fibrillar tie-molecules. 

It must be that iodine is sorted to be much condensed in the amorphous layers, and a substantial number of which participate in the complex formation, while in the interfibrillar space the soaking solution may take up part of the water which existed before soaking, and complex formation is hardly expected there. The increase in the SAXS intensity of the long spacing peak in Fig. 3 seems to support the condensation of the iodine in the amorphous layers. This means that most of the complex form in the amorphous layers with participation of tie chains. The change of Young s modulus of the specimens takes place so slowly that it lasts for 10 hours, which is related to some reinforcement of the chain networks due to the release of water and complex formation. 

Cured hides must be properly soaked to obtain satisfactory rehydration and removal of unwanted material. Interfibrillar proteins should be degraded in order to increase water uptake. Bacterial proteases and pancreatic proteases are normally preferred, and are compatible with most tannery chemicals used in soaking, ie, most surfactants and preservatives containing sodium chlorite. 

Scott, J. E., and Thomlinson, A. M. (1998). The structure of interfibrillar proteoglycan bridges ( shape modules ) in extracellular matrix of fibrous connective tissues and their stability in various chemical environments./. Anat. 192, 391-405. 

Firstly, crazes always appear perpendicular to the stretching direction. A typical example of craze is shown in Fig. 5a. The craze is constituted of polymer fibrils of about 5-10 nm in diameter, separated by interfibrillar distances between 20 anA 60 nm. In the middle, a lighter zone is observed, called midrib. 

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