Interfaces, condensed matter theory

Condensed Matter Theory Crystals and Clusters, Surfaces and Interfaces... 

While these problems, starting from the many-body Schrodinger equation, and ranging to pattern formation in driven complex fluids and chemical reactions at the biomolecule-membrane interface in aqueous solution, clearly are not yet solved and will remain at the forefront of challenges for many years to come, it must be emphasized that steady and important progress towards reaching these goals can be anticipated. Thus, we can expect that the role of computer simulation as the central and basic methodic approach of condensed matter theory will become even much more important in the future. 

Quantum Systems in Chemistry and Physics is a broad area of science in which scientists of different extractions and aims jointly place special emphasis on quantum theory. Several topics were presented in the sessions of the symposia, namely 1 Density matrices and density functionals 2 Electron correlation effects (many-body methods and configuration interactions) 3 Relativistic formulations 4 Valence theory (chemical bonds and bond breaking) 5 Nuclear motion (vibronic effects and flexible molecules) 6 Response theory (properties and spectra atoms and molecules in strong electric and magnetic fields) 7 Condensed matter (crystals, clusters, surfaces and interfaces) 8 Reactive collisions and chemical reactions, and 9 Computational chemistry and physics. 

Also very broad, complex and of great importance in physics and chemistry is the sixth topic, where electric and magnetic fields interact with matter. Condensed matter is a field where theoretical studies are performed from few-atom clusters to crystals, materials and interfaces the theory becomes more and more complex and new scientific ideas and models are sought. The theory with which to study chemical reactions and... 

The present state of the theories of atomic and molecular processes in condensed phases is characterized by great non-uniformity of its development. Matters are much problematic in the theory of the kinetics of processes at a molecular level. The kinetics of surface processes mainly employs models taking no account of the interaction of the adsorbed particles (the law of masses or surface action) [14-16]. This does not reflect the real properties of a gas solid interface. There is also a diversity of models when considering the interaction of the particles because various approximations are used (equilibrium is described with a view to the correlation effects, while kinetics ignores them). The problem of approximations is of a fundamental significance in the theory of condensed systems. Interaction between the particles causes all the particles to be bound to... 

The isotherm (plot of pressure versus volume) at the temperature Tc plays a special role in the theory of the states of matter. An isotherm behaves in accordance with the gas laws slightly below T. At certain pressure, a liquid condenses from gaseous state and is distinguishable from it by the presence of a visible interface. If, however, the compression takes place at a surface separating two phases does not appear and the volumes at each end of the horizontal part of the isotherm have merged to a single point, critical point of the gas. The temperature, pressure, and molar volume at the critical point are called the critical temperature T, critical pressure P, and critical molar volume of the substance respectively. Collectively,... 

---