Interface access routes

It has been demonstrated (72, 73) that access of cutting fluid to the chip-tool rubbing interface is via the clearance gap at the flank of the tool and then past the cutting edge. Only minute quantities of cutting fluid can get to the rubbing zone by this route. Furthermore, the contact time of the chip with the tool face is very short at a cutting speed of 0.508 m/s (100 ft/min) an element of chip surface traverses the contact zone in 30 microseconds. Moreover, the chip never returns to rub the face of the tool therefore any reaction of the free chip surface... 

The primary purpose of a reaction database system is to provide quick and easy access to the reaction literature. Users of synthesis planning programs have a need for such access to the literature in elaborating routes suggested by an analysis. An interface between LHASA and ORAC has recently been developed to provide such a link. The interface allows literature precedents for synthetic steps proposed by LHASA to be retrieved automatically from ORAC s database of over 120,000 reactions and to be displayed to the user on an ORAC Display Form. Company databases can also be accessed to search and display in-house preparative methods and processes in conjunction with databases supplied by ORAC Ltd. 

From the above examples it can be seen that the locus of failure generated by a mechanical test, either before or after environmental exposure is an uncertain route to exposing surfaces that will allow the elucidation of interface or interphase chemistry directly. In the following sections, a number of methods are described that allow the interfacial chemistry of adhesion to examine directly by analytical methods. They fall into two categories those in which a real interface is sectioned to allow surface analysis and other methods to probe the interfacial region, and those which make use of model systems, often in the form of very thin (<2 nm) films of adhesive where the interphase chemistry is directly accessible by surface analysis methods. 

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