Interest, motivation theory

Considerable attention has been focused on the kind of motives which drive the decisions and choices of individuals in a work setting. An influential model of motivation was the "scientific management" movement of F. W. Taylor (1911) which viewed motivation largely in terms of rational individual decisions to maximize financial gain. This theory claimed that workers only wanted to make as much as possible for as little effort as possible, and that they were neither interested in, nor capable of planning and decision- making. 

Various types of research are carried out on ITIESs nowadays. These studies are modeled on electrochemical techniques, theories, and systems. Studies of ion transfer across ITIESs are especially interesting and important because these are the only studies on ITIESs. Many complex ion transfers assisted by some chemical reactions have been studied, to say nothing of single ion transfers. In the world of nature, many types of ion transfer play important roles such as selective ion transfer through biological membranes. Therefore, there are quite a few studies that get ideas from those systems, while many interests from analytical applications motivate those too. Since the ion transfer at an ITIES is closely related with the fields of solvent extraction and ion-selective electrodes, these studies mainly deal with facilitated ion transfer by various kinds of ionophores. Since crown ethers as ionophores show interesting selectivity, a lot of derivatives are synthesized and their selectivities are evaluated in solvent extraction, ion-selective systems, etc. Of course electrochemical studies on ITIESs are also suitable for the systems of ion transfer facilitated by crown ethers and have thrown new light on the mechanisms of selectivity exhibited by crown ethers. 

Finally - and equally important - Jens contribution to the formal treatment of GOS based on the polarization propagator method and Bethe sum rules has been shown to provide a correct quantum description of the excitation spectra and momentum transfer in the study of the stopping cross section within the Bethe-Bloch theory. Of particular interest is the correct description of the mean excitation energy within the polarization propagator for atomic and molecular compounds. This motivated the study of the GOS in the RPA approximation and in the presence of a static electromagnetic field to ensure the validity of the sum rules. 

The fundamental axiom in Ainslie s theory is motivational inconsistency and ambivalence, and the theory describes the strategies people may use to handle the resulting problems. The theory therefore allows for more complex interactions between conflicting motives within the person than do the conventional utility calculus that Becker and Murphy apply. However, as opposed to Becker and Murphy, Ainslie does not base his addiction theory on any explicit assumptions about the properties of potentially addictive substances. The phenomena Ainslie describes in his addiction theory are quite general and not restricted to the addictions. Since potentially addictive substances clearly do have specific properties that other substances do not have, it would be of interest to apply Ainslie s scheme to a consumption good with such properties. 

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