Integration of Ammonia and Urea Processes

In practically all urea production plants operated today, the ammonia and urea process plants are fairly independent of each other. The stand-alone operation of each plant during shutdown periods of the other plant is usually possible, provided that the feedstocks are available and the products can be stored. 

So far, none of these alternative process schemes has been realized (13j. Fundamental reasons for this have not become public. However, the envisaged integration of the process is likely to reduce operational flexibility of the plants as a whole and can be expected to make the plants more difficult to operate [13]. 

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