Integrated Stack Crystals

The classification scheme is particularly effective in arranging crystals by their charge transport properties. Integrated stack crystals (Sect. 2) and integral-oxidation state segregated stack crystals (Sect. 3) are invariably semiconductors, with typical room-temperature conductivities being a < 10 3 cm-1. In contrast, many of the non-... 

Segregated Stack Crystals, Integral Oxidation State Metal Complexes... 

As, with the exception of the mentioned oxidized compounds, the metallomacrocycles do not crystallize forming columnar quasi-one-dimensional structures, one of the prerequisites for conductivity is not met. In addition the stacking repeat distances and the donor-acceptor distances in doped compounds cannot be controlled in any way. By using oxidizing dopants other than halogens, e.g. quinones, integrated stacks can be formed leading to insulators. 

Table 6. Structural data for segregated stack, integral oxidation state crystals with the metal complex not stacked ...

The first question to address is the definition of a defect in an amorphous material. In a crystal any departure from the perfect crystalline lattice is a defect, which could be a point defect, such as a vacancy or interstitial, an extended defect, such as a dislocation or stacking fault, or an impurity. A different definition is required in an amorphous material because there is no perfect lattice. The inevitable disorder of the random network is an integral part of the amorphous material and it is not helpful to think of this as a collection of many defects. By analogy with the crystal one can define a defect as a departure from the ideal amorphous network which is a continuous... 

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