Insulin vaginal absorption

Touitou, E., M. Donbrow, and E. Azaz. 1978. New hydrophilic vehicle enabling rectal and vaginal absorption of insulin, heparin, phenol red and gentamicin. J Pharm Pharmacol 30 662. 

Richardson, J.L., L. Ilium, and N.W. Thomas. 1992. Vaginal absorption of insulin in the rat Effect of penetration enhancers on insulin uptake and mucosal histology. Pharm Res 9 878. 

Morimoto, K., et al. 1982. Effective vaginal absorption of insulin in diabetic rats and rabbits using polyacrylic acid aqueous gel bases. Int J Pharm 12 107. 

Figure 11.3 Effects of the estrous cycle on vaginal absorption of leuprorelin acetate, phenol red and insulin in rats...

Biodegradable starch microspheres, 40 pm in diameter, were shown to be capable of enhancing the vaginal absorption of insulin. The effect was further enhanced when the penetration enhancer lysophosphatidylcholine was used. 

Richardson, J. L., Farraj, N. F., and Ilium, L. (1992), Enhanced vaginal absorption of insulin in sheep using lysophosphatidylcholine and a bioadhesive microsphere delivery system, Int. J. Pharm., 88, 319-325. 

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