Insulin resynthesis

As fatty acids leave the adipocyte, they form complexes with albumin. The availability of separate pathways for fat deposition and release in these cells permits appropriate regulation under anabolic or catabolic circumstances. The absence of glycerol kinase in the adipocyte decreases the potential for resynthesis of the triacylglycerol and promotes hepatic gluconeogenesis. Triacylglycerols are deposited in the adipocyte when glucose and insulin are readily available. 

Fig, 2. Cleavage and resynthesis of insulin (1) oxidative sulfitolysis and isolation of the S-sulfonated A and B chains (2) conversion of the S-sulfonated chains to their sulfhydryl form ... 

Fig. 3. Resynthesis of insulin by the improved method (Katsoyannis and Tometsko, 1966) (1) oxidative sulfitolysis ...

Hie sugar substitutes (fructose, sorbitol, xylitol) are broken down to trioses without involvement of insulin, but the breakdown products are utilized in the liver for the synthesis of glucose, lactic acid and to some extent lipids. Glucose, the main product of this resynthesis, can only be utilized with the aid of insulin. The proportions of glucose and lactic acid formed vary from case to case and the arhounts produced cannot be foreseen... 

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