Instrumentation and Experimental Techniques

Abstract In this chapter we discuss practical techniques and instrumentation used in experimental measurements of kinetic and equilibrium isotope effects. After describing methods to determine IE s on rate constants, brief treatments of mass spectrometry and isotope ratio mass spectrometry, NMR measurements of isotope effects, the use of radio-isotopes, techniques to determine vapor pressure and other equilibrium IE s, and IE s in small angle neutron scattering are presented. 

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Few terms have been more commonly used and abused in the scientific literature than nano. However, if one is able to sift through the vast amounts of nano literature, there are also numerous reports that are of both academic and commercial importance. This is particularly true for the field of catalysis in which rapid progress is being made that has transformed this once black art into a science, which is understood on a molecular and even atomic level. These gains have been particularly driven by the fields of surface and nanomolecular science with improvements in instrumentation and experimental techniques that have facilitated scientists observations on the nano-size scale. 

Nesterov, A.N., Feklistov, V.V., Instruments and Experimental Techniques (Translation of Pribory i Tekhnika Eksperimenta), 42, 265 (1999). 

A well-balanced Raman text on an introductory level, which explains basic theory, instrumentation and experimental techniques (including special techniques), and a wide variety of applications (particularly the newer ones) is not available. The authors have attempted to meet this deficiency by writing this book. This book is intended to serve as a guide for beginners. 

The book consists of Chapters 1 to 4, and appendices. The first chapter deals with basic theory of spectroscopy the second chapter discusses instrumentation and experimental techniques the third chapter deals with special techniques Chapter 4 presents applications of Raman spectroscopy in structural chemistry, biochemistry, biology and medicine, solid-state chemistry and industry. The appendices consist of eight sections. As much as possible, the authors have attempted to include the latest developments. 

Y. A. Guskov A. A. Medvedev and E. V. Ratnikov, Thermogravimetric analysis during microwave heating. Instruments and Experimental Techniques, 40, 292-294 (1997). 

Grace JR, Baeyens J (1986) Instrumentation and Experimental Techniques. In Geldart D (ed) Gas Fluidization Technology, Chap 13, pp 415-462, John Wiley Sons, Chichester... 

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