Soap, instantaneous

Electronic Flow Calibrators These units are high accuracy electronic bubble flowmeters that provide instantaneous air flow readings and a cumulative averaging of multiple samples. These calibrators measure the flow rate of gases and report volume per unit of time. The timer is capable of detecting a soap film at 80... 

Figure 8.5 The effect of instantaneous stretching of a soap film.

Figure 8.9 Instantaneous removal of the talc in the centre caused by a droplet of soap solution.

When these numbers are used, for 1% NaOH, [A ] is only 5% of [HAq]. Alternatively, a very high pH (close to 14, which is not practical) is required for the surface-active agent to be totally soluble in the aqueous phase. However, more [A ] is accumulated at the oil/water interface, which instantaneously reduces IFT. Sharma et al. (1989) took into account crude-oil/caustic interface (surface phase). They formulated the acid species dissociation and soap formation in the surface phase. 

After adjustment of the saponified mixture with water to contain 50 per cent of ethanol, heat the mixture nearly to boiling, transfer to a separator, wash in with hot 50 per cent ethanol and extract immediately with light petroleum. After separation, which is almost instantaneous, run off the aqueous layer and repeat the extractions two or three times. If the solution cools meanwhile it must be reheated. Wash the mixed light petroleum first with 50 per cent ethanol and finally with water, avoiding much agitation. Filter off any flocculent precipitate, which consists of soap soluble with difficulty in ethanol and water, evaporate the petroleum and weigh the insoluble matter. 

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