Inorganic chemicals, corrosion

Indium chemicals and electroplated metal deposits ate replacing mercury (qv) in the manufacture of alkaline batteries (qv). Indium, like mercury, functions to reduce outgassing within the battery and promotes the uniform corrosion of the anode and cathode while the battery is under electrical load. Indium inorganic chemicals also find use as catalysts in various chemical processes. 

The primary types of corrosion inhibitor treatments employed are generally based on inorganic chemicals such as sodium nitrite (together with combinations of borate, silicate, molybdate, and phosphate) and the addition of even 2 to 3 pints (0.95-1.4 liters) to a boiler can immediately raise the TDS in the BW to a level at which priming can occur. Secondary problems include an associated rise in the level of BW suspended solids and sludge. 

P. Boden and D. Kingerley, Inorganic chemicals as metallic corrosion inhibitors. In Insights into Speciality Inorganic Chemicals (D. Thompson, ed.). Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, 1995. 

The kinetics of chemical corrosion for inorganic membranes can be quite different from that for the same materials in dense monolithic form. This is particularly true with porous inorganic membranes where the porous network resembles interconnected finely divided particles. Compared to dense bulk bodies, fine particles normally are dissolved more rapidly in corrosive chemicals. 

Once the corrosion resistance plateau in ferritic alloys of 18%i chromium is reached, the addition of about 8%i nickel is required to cause a transition from ferritic to austenitic. The primary benefit of this alloy addition is to achieve the austenitic structure, which, relative to the ferritics, is very tough, formable, and weldable. The added benefit, of course, is the improved corrosion resistance to mild corrodents. This includes adequate resistance to most foods, a wide range of organic chemicals, mild inorganic chemicals, and most natural environmental corrosion. 

Chemical/Pharmaceutical/Other Class Inorganic acid Corrosive... 

Synonyms Anhydrous hydroiodic acid Hydrogen iodide Hydrogen monoiodide Chemical/Pharmaceutical/Other Class Inorganic acid Corrosive Chemical Formula HI... 

Chemical/Pharmaceutical/Other Class Strong inorganic acid Corrosive agent... 

Processes that depend critically on these phenomena include energy storage and conversion, corrosion and corrosion control, membrane separations, deposition and etching by electrolytic and plasma processes, electrosynthesis of organic and inorganic chemicals, production and refining of metals, pollution detoxification and recovery, desalination, and many others. 

Sodium chloride is used more often than any other material in the manufacture of inorganic chemicals. World consumption of this substance is about 150 million tons per year. The major use of sodium chloride is in the production of other essential inorganic chemicals such as chlorine gas, sodium hydroxide, sodium metal, hydrogen gas, and sodium carbonate. It is also used to melt ice and snow on highways and roads. However, since sodium chloride is harmful to plant life and promotes corrosion of cars, its use for this purpose is of considerable environmental concern. 

This chapter commences with advice on the cleaning of zinc surfaces. The major corrosion interests are then considered in five groups (a) inorganic chemicals and their aqueous solutions, (b) organic materials and fuels, (c) concretes, cements, and plaster, (d) bitumen, and (e) other building materials. 

Table 5.2 Corrosion Data for Zinc and Zinc Coatings with Inorganic Chemicals... 

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