Inoculative agents

Impf-fliissigkeit, /. inoculation lymph, vaccine lymph, -kristall, w. seed crystal, -mittel, n, inoculating agent, inoculum, inoculant vaccine, -stift, m> inoculating pencil, -stoff, m. inoculating material, inoculum vac-... 

Wastewaters from infectious hospital wards, research and examination institutions from the field of human and veterinary medicine, institutes for the production of inoculation agents, waters from slaughterhouses and leather plants, from wool washing, and from gelatine production plants, etc. must not be discharged into the recipient. Where necessary, additional disinfection or sterilization processes should be carried out. 

Resolution methods using nonopticaHy active agents are also used by taking advantage of the fact that certain benzoic acid derivatives of (A)-menthol can be inoculated with crystals of one enantiomer to induce immediate crystallization of that enantiomer. Although repeated crystallizations and separations must be done, the technique has been successhil for (—)-mentho1 (157). 

Influenza (split virion)t Allantoic fluid from embryonated hens eggs infected with influenza viruses A and B 1 Harvest of viruses 2 Disruption with surface active agent 3 Blending of components of different serotypes Assay of haemagglutinin content by immunodiffusion Inoculation of embryonated hens eggs to exclude live virus... 

Vaccine A preparation of killed or weakened infective or toxic agent used as an inoculation to produce active artificial immunity that is, a suspension of live (usually attenutated) or inactivated microorganisms (e.g., bacteria, virus, or rickettsiae) administered to induce immunity and prevent infectious disease. 

The data obtained from studying crude cultures were not as bad as one would assume. For example, the stoichiometric relationships between the consumption of sugar and the production of alcohol and carbon dioxide were determined even before yeast became known as the causative agent of alcoholic fermentation (Gay Lussac 1810). Furthermore, the general equation for the formation of propionic acid was calculated by A. Fitz in Strassburg in 1878 on the basis of studies with crude cultures inoculated with cow excrements ... 

The terms vaccination, inoculation and immunisation are used synonymously they are used to describe the processes for the production of immunity by artificial means. Vaccination has a long history and is a fascinating topic (Box 17.5). The term vaccine is dehned as an infectious agent that is either dead or attenuated, and which is introduced into the body with the object of increasing the ability of the immune system to resist or get rid of a disease. 

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