Inifer, iniferter

The former possibility previously described could be refuted by the spin-trap-ping experiments and the living radical polymerization of St with 46. Therefore, 13 was added to the polymerization system to conserve the active site of the inifer-ter. It was expected to reproduce the iniferter site due to the formation of DC radicals which can function as primary radical terminators and/or the effective chain transfer ability of 13. It was pointed out that the DC radical generated from 13 had high selectivity for monomers, i.e., 13 acted as an initiator for the polymerization of St, but did not as an initiator for the polymerization of MA, VAc, and AN [72,175,177]. 

Inifer controlled initiation method, 14 269 Iniferters, 14 297 Inipol EAP22, 3 765 Initial breeding, in nucleation, 3 105 Initial modulus, 19 743 Initial reacting species, in pulp bleaching, 21 32-33... 

The Inifer technique enables us to fulfil some requirements of polymer architecture even in some radical processes. An amplified form may be applied, the Iniferter variant, where the radical initiator simultaneously acts as a transfer and terminating agent. Otsu et al. used sulphides and disulphides (tetraethylthiuram disulphide, PhSSPh, Ph2S, PhCH2SSCH2Ph) [96] and carbamates (benzyl-A,A-diethyldithiocarbamate, p-xylylene-A,7V-diethyl-dithiocarbamate) [97] in the photopolymerization of methyl methacrylate and styrene, and phenylazotriphenylmethane in the polymerization of methyl methacrylate [98]. Living radical polymerizations yield polymers with defined end groups or the required block copolymers. 

Probably the first publication that dealt with LRP already appeared in the late 1960s (3). In the 1970s and 1980s it was realized that the main drawback in FRP, ie, the broad polydispersities, and the inability to form block copolymers could be overcome by the introduction of reversible deactivation of the active radical. Otsu reported on several attempts to introduce this reversibility (4,5). The inifer-ter technique was developed, which comprises a UV-labile or thermally labile link that can be reversibly cleaved, and used for monomer insertion (6,7). Otsu showed that the technique allowed the synthesis of block copolymers, albeit with a PDI around 2. Currently it turns out that the iniferter technique may still have advantages over the more recent developments, eg when the synthesis of multiblock copolymers is aimed for (8). 

What is meant by the terms inifer and iniferter and what arc some recent candidates that have been thesized in the lalxnalory ... 

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