Influence of instrumental parameters

Moreover, the phenomena of combustion themselves prove to be more complicated. For a long period the study of combustion broke away from chemical kinetics and set itself its own specific tasks. These included especially studies of the influence of instrumental parameters on ignition, flame propagation and limits, i.e., the influence of the diameter and length of tubes, the form of vessels, the direction of propagation, etc. 

Here, AT is the temperature drop across the channel, which is set by the user, and D is the ordinary (mass) diffusion coefficient. The parameter V° is the geometric volume of the channel, which is constant for a given instrument. Note that V, is the same parameter used to define retention in SEC and that the ratio on the left side of Eq. (1) is the number of channel volumes required to flush a sample component through the thermal FFF channel. Although Eq. (1) is an approximation, it becomes accurate to within 3% when V/V° > 10. More important for this discussion, Eq. (1) characterizes the influence of analyte parameters D and on retention in thermal FFF. 

The film composition was determined by ESCA. During ESCA analysis, the absolute value of the signal is influenced by instrumental parameters and the surface roughness of the samples. 

Subsequently four different CE modes are described in the sections Capillary Zone Electrophoresis, Capillary Gel Electrophoresis, Capillary Isoelectric Focussing, and Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography (MEKC), respectively. The fundamental principles of the specific separation modes are briefly explained, using appropriate equations where required. In Table 3 all equations are listed. In addition, the influence of both instrumental parameters and electrolytic solution parameters on the optimization of separations is described. 

The extraction of kinetic parameters from in-line UV-vis spectroscopy may suffer from three sources of error namely, instrumental noise, error in determining initial concentrations, and error in the calibration of pure standards, as is pointed out by Carvalho et al. These authors have studied the influence of these errors on the determined rate constants for a simulated second-order reaction and compared twelve methods to cope with the errors in five groups. They And significant differences in accuracy and precision. 

J.E. Rodgers, Influences of carpet and instrumental parameters on the identification of carpet face fiber by NIR,... 

Benkestock, K., Sundqvist, G., Edlund, P. O., Roeraade, J. Influence of droplet size, capillary-cone distance and selected instrumental parameters for the analysis of... 

Mechanical synthesis by cold mastication of rubber and monomers depends on the reaction condition (monomer concentration, temperature, solvent concentration, atmosphere, presence of transfer agents, or catalyst) and on the physical and chemical properties of the rubbers, the monomers and the product interpolymers. A critical factor is the shear stress developed in the system rather than instrumentally-defined shear rates. The degree of reaction of polymer and consequently also the concentration of free macroradicals depends on stress. As a consequence, the influence of the above parameters may be connected to their influence on the viscosity of the reaction medium since an increase in viscosity causes an increase in stress at constant shear rate. 

Rodgers, James E. Influences of Carpet and Instrumental Parameters on the Identification of Carpet Face Fiber by NIR AATCC Review 2002, 2(6), 27-32. 

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