Infectious disease hospital setting

Pharmaceutical care of the hospitalized patient with infection is the most traditional role for infectious diseases pharmacists. Numerous opportunities for proactive interventions in antimicrobial selection, dosing, route of administration, and monitoring of patients with changing clinical status make this a popular practice setting for many individuals. 

Infectious diseases pharmacists typically practice in a hospital setting that allows them to devote all their time to managing antimicrobial therapy. All aspects of infectious diseases pharmacotherapy, including interventions on antimicrobial selection, antimicrobial dosing, and intravenous-to-oral conversion are the responsibility of the infectious diseases pharmacist. In addition, the pharmacist is usually responsible for analyzing new antimicrobials for formulary inclusion, medication use evaluations, and antimicrobial restriction or therapeutic interchange policies. 

Most infectious diseases pharmacists who practice in a hospital setting round with an infectious diseases consult service. This service usually consists of an infectious diseases physician, an infectious diseases medical fellow, medical students, an infectious diseases pharmacist, and (possibly) pharmacy students, residents, or fellows. Patients are usually identified through infectious diseases consults. The pharmacist usually acts to optimize the antimicrobial regimen by adjusting antibiotic doses... 

Under a third practice model in the hospital setting, infectious diseases physicians and pharmacists conduct separate services the physician handles infectious di-... 

Cellulitis is an acute, infectious process that represents a more serious type of SSTI. Cellulitis initially affects the epidermis and dermis and may spread subsequently within the superficial fascia. Cellulitis is considered a serious disease because of the propensity of the infection to spread through lymphatic tissue and to the bloodstream. S. pyogenes and S. aureus are the most frequent etiologic agents. However, a number of bacteria have been implicated in various types of cellulitis (see Table 108-1). The rising incidence of infections due to MRSA is a major concern in both the community and hospital settings. 

Patients are, for the most part, in a debilitated state in the hospital [12], and many of the nosocomial infectious agents, particularly bacteria, are antibiotic-resistant, even multiantibiotic-resistant. The microorganisms causing disease in patients who are admitted for diagnosed infectious disease are, by definition, virulent [13]. Hence, the spread of nosocomial infection in the hospital setting is a serious and ongoing problem. 

Just how the animal host first transmits Marburg virus to humans is unknown. However, as with some other viruses which cau.se viral hemorrhagic fever, humans who become ill with Marburg hemorrhagic fever may spread the virus to other people. This may happen in several ways. Persons who have handled infected monkeys and have come in direct contact with their fluids or cell cultures, have become infected. Spread of the virus between humans has occurred in a setting of close contact, often in a hospital. Droplets of body fluids, or direct contact with persons, equipment, or ocher objects contaminated with infectious blood or tissues are all highly suspect as sources of disease. 

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