Infection lithiasis

Jacques AC, Giguere P, Zhang G, Touchie C, la Porte CJ. Atazanavir-associated choledocho-lithiasis leading to acute hepatitis in an HIV-infected adult. Ann Pharmacother 2010 44(1) 202-6. 

Urethra, clitorial enlargment to penile urethra 558 Uric acid lithiasis 452, 453 Urinary tract infection 65, 303, 511, 512, 643 Urolithiasis 301, 303 Uropathy, obstructive 303, 454 Uterus, absent 562 Uvula, bifid 379... 

A calyceal diverticulum is an eventration of a calyx into the renal parenchyma that is filled with urine. Most of the diverticula are small and asymptomatic. Complications include the development of milk of calcium and lithiasis and rarely hematuria infection is unusual. The relation between diverticulum and isolated renal cyst is unclear. The diverticulum is usually detected by US as an isolated cystic structure. However, the connection with the pyelocaly-ceal system is usually not visualized on US it can be demonstrated on IVU or on CT (Fig. 5.1). Treatment is necessary only when complications such as hemorrhage or lithiasis occur (Siegel and McAllister 1979 WuLFSOHN 1980 Ulchaker et al. 1996). 

In pyonephrosis, fine echoes can be seen in the most dependent part of the dilated collecting system their presence in UTI corresponds to thick infected urine or pus (Figs. 15.1a, 15.2a, 15.18, 15.19). It should be noted that echogenic urine may also correspond to lithiasis sand, hemorrhage or necrotic debris. The placement of a nephrostomy tube should be discussed in cases of pyonephrosis (Fig. 15.1d) (Yavascan et al. 2005). 

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