Inelastic conversion

Turning to component II, if the initial kinetic energy of the ortho-positronium is above E then it can undergo inelastic conversion by excitation of the Ag level of O2. However, Figure 7.15 shows that as the O2 pressure increases so the peak of component II increases at the expense of the tail (at energies > 1 eV). This tail is due to the... 

Energy Spectrometry (EDS) uses the photoelectric absorption of the X ray in a semiconductor crystal (silicon or germanium), with proportional conversion of the X-ray energy into charge through inelastic scattering of the photoelectron. The quantity of charge is measured by a sophisticated electronic circuit linked with a computer-based multichannel analyzer to collect the data. The EDS instrument is... 

Conversely, when RP < EFP, the marginal cost for the patient is likewise zero, so the totality of the saving (the distance between RP and EFP) becomes less cost for the insurer, and therefore demand will be more inelastic after the introduction of RP. In this case, the patient s and the doctor s demand is indifferent to a price rise, as long as it does not exceed RP. D2 represents demand after the introduction of RP under the assumption that doctors have perfect information on EFP and RP prices, and shows a kink at RP. Note that in a pure kinked demand model it will never be optimal to fix a price below RP. Thus, those companies that market products whose EFP was lower than RP prior to the introduction of RP may now have an incentive to raise EFP to the level of RP. 

Subsequent to the formation of a potentially chemiluminescent molecule in its lowest excited state, a series of events carries the molecule down to its ground electronic state. Thermal deactivation of the excited molecule causes the molecule to lose vibrational energy by inelastic collisions with the solvent this is known as thermal or vibrational relaxation. Certain molecules may return radia-tionlessly all the way to the ground electronic state in a process called internal conversion. Some molecules cannot return to the ground electronic state by internal conversion or vibrational relaxation. These molecules return to the ground excited state either by the direct emission of ultraviolet or visible radiation (fluorescence), or by intersystem crossing from the lowest excited singlet to the lowest triplet state. 

In conclusion, we were able to reproduce the optical response of GFP with a novel photodynamical model which includes VER, an energy-dependent ESPT, and an additional decay pathway leading to internal conversion of the protonated chromophore. In particular, the non-exponentiality of the kinetics is traced back to VER dynamics which are slower than the primary ESPT. This might be attributed to the highly rigid tertiary structure of the protein which protects its chromophore from inelastic collisions with the aqueous surroundings. 

Kakimoto, M., Hyodo, T., Chiba, T., Akahane, T. and Chang, T.B. (1987). Observation of triplet-singlet conversion of positronium via inelastic scattering by oxygen. J. Phys. B At. Mol. Opt Phys. 20 L107-L113. 

Non-radiative transitions invariably involve the conversion of excitation energy into phonons. Thermalization involves many inelastic transitions between states in the band or band tails. Three mechanisms of thermalization apply to a-Si H. Carriers in extended states lose energy by the emission of single phonons as they scatter from one state to another. Transitions between localized states occur either by direct tunneling or by the multiple trapping mechanism in which the carrier is excited to the mobility edge and recaptured by a different tail state. 

In studies of collisional processes frequently questions associated with the transfer of energy from translational into internal degrees of freedom or vice versa arise. In this section we will not attempt to examine those inelastic processes which involve chemical change, ionization or charge transfer. We will, however, discuss those inelastic collisions which result in conversion of energy from translational kinetic energy of the projectile ion into internal degrees of freedom of the products. We can represent such processes by the equation... 

If the collision is non-reactive, the equation (73.Ill) holds at least before the collision. In the case of elastic collisions,it is valid also after the collision however, it is invalid when the collision is inelastic because of the conversion of translation into vibration energy after the moment of collision due to the curvature of the reaction coordinate. 

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