Indwelling medical devices

Bisno A.L. Waidvogel F. A. (199A) Infections Associated with Indwelling Medical Devices, 2ndedn. 

S. aureus causes a variety of suppurative (pusforming) infections and toxinoses in humans. It may cause superficial skin lesions (boils and styes) infections such as pneumonia, mastitis, phlebitis, meningitis, and urinary tract infections and deep-seated infections such as osteomyelitis and endocarditis. S. aureus is associated with nosocomial infections of surgical wounds and infections with indwelling medical devices. S. aureus can cause toxic... 

DG Maki. Infections caused by intravascular devices used for infusion therapy pathogenesis, prevention and management. In AL Bisno, FA Waldvogel, eds. Infections Associated with Indwelling Medical Devices. Washington, DC ASM Press, 1994, pp. 155-212. 

It is now well identified that bacteria connect to solid supports to shape structured communities called biofilms, also known as biopolymer matrix-enclosed microbial populations adhering to each other and/or surfaces [111]. Biofihns occur on both living and inert supports in all environments [112]. They influence various industrial and domestic areas [113] and are accountable for a broad range of human diseases [111], In view of the ever growing number of implanted patients, biofilm-linked infections of indwelling medical devices are more predominantly a foremost public health issue. Various examples of implants that can be inflated by biofilm formation are mechanical heart valves, catheters, pacemakers/defibriUators, ventricular assist devices, vascular prostheses, coronary stents, neurosurgical ventricular shunts, cerebrospinal fluid shunts, neurological stimulation implants, ocular prostheses, inflatable penile, cochlear, joint prostheses, fracture-fixation devices, breast, and dental implants and contact lenses, intrauterine contraceptive devices [114-116]. 

Antiinfective Coatings for Indwelling Medical Devices Zhang Xianping Whitboume, Richard Richmond, Richard D. Medical Plastics Biomaterials November/December 1997. Technical Manual of the AATCC Test Methods 30,100,147, 174, American Association of Textile Chemist and Colorists Volume 74, 1999, p 79-82, 147-149,260-261, 315-318. 

Bisno, A.L., Waldvogel.F.A. Infected orthopedic prostheses. In Infections Associated With Indwelling Medical Devices, pp. 111-127 (1989)... 

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen and infects especially immunocompromised patients.266-270 Many clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa are identified not only from the inside of the body but also from the biofilm formed on indwelling catheter or medical devices. Quorum sensing system of P. aeruginosa has been extensively studied and several kinds of systems have been reported.2 1-292... 

Slime Polysaccharide in Staphylococcus epidermidis. This organism, a common commensal of the skin, has become an important opportunistic pathogen associated with medical devices such as indwelling catheters and shunts. Staphylococci isolated firom these sources often produce a polysaccharide slime which is thought to be important in the adherence of the organism to the smooth surface of the foreign body. 

The non-random distribution of bacteria in biofilms has important implications for industry (biofouling, corrosion) and in medical practice (use of indwelling devices, which might become infected when within the human body, thereby making treatment more difficult). 

Polymers made from alkenes or substituted alkenes are simply very large alkanes or substituted alkanes. Like the alkanes, they are typically inert. This chemical inertness makes these polymers ideal for making containers to hold juices, chemicals, and fluids used medically. They are also used to make sutures, catheters, and other indwelling devices. A variety of pol)uners made from substituted alkenes are listed in Table 12.1. 

Medical infections Colonization of indwelling devices (catheters, artificial joints, contact lenses) - endocarditis... 

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