Industrial Applications and Perspectives

The coupling of ethylene with 6-methoxy-2-bromonaphthalene (eq. (16)) is efficiently catalyzed by palladacycles 4. The ethylene reacts only once, thus yielding 6-methoxy-2-vinylnaphthalene in excellent selectivity and yield [57]. This elegant reaction is being developed as an industrial process by the former Hoechst AG, possibly the first industrial Heck coupling after the 30 years during which this type of reaction has been in existence. 

Since a new generation of structurally defined catalysts was discovered, Heck reactions offer an excellent opportunity for industrial applications, even for the 

An alternative to the coupling of olefins with aryl halides is C-H activation of benzenes and addition to alkynes. A Pd catalyst was shown to catalyze this reaction in an acidic medium such as CF3COOH, even at room temperature (eq. (17)) [83], 

This reaction is highly atom-economical as it co-generates no by products. 

Kikukawa, K. Nagira, N. Terao, F. Wada, T. Matsuda, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 1979, 52, 2609 (c) S. Sengupta, S. Bhattachaiya, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans 1993, 

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INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS AND PERSPECTIVES OF ELECTRO-ANALYTICAL METHODS... 

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