Indicating duplicate entries

INDEX (worksheet function) 82,171 indicating duplicate entries in list 101 INDIRECT (worksheet function) 97 using in array formulas 97 InputBox 270, 272 Insert (Edit menu) 24 Insert Function, using 83 inserting... 

An inventory of systems and knowledge, of which one is GMP-critical, must be maintained and available for inspections. An MHRA preinspection checklist has this as one of its opening topics. The availability or otherwise of this information is a clear indicator of whether management is in control of its computer systems validation. The use of an inventory need not be limited to inspection readiness it could also be used for determining supplier audits and periodic reviews, etc. Many pharmaceutical and healthcare companies use a spreadsheet or database to maintain this data. Where a site s inventory is managed between a number of such applications (perhaps one per laboratory, one for process control systems, one for IT systems), care must be taken that duplicate entries are avoided and, equally, that some systems are missed and not listed anywhere. It should be borne in mind that where spreadsheets and databases are used to manage an inventory, it should be validated just like any other GxP computer application. 

This table gives properties of compressed water and superheated steam at selected pressures and temperatures. The properties included are density p, enthalpy//, entropy S, heat capacity at constant pressure C, and static dielectric constant (relative permittivity). The table was generated from the formulation approved by the International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam for general and scientific use. The reference state for this table is the liquid at the triple point, at which the internal energy and entropy are taken as zero. A duplicate entry in the temperature column indicates a phase transition (liquid-vapor) at that temperature property values are then given for both phases. In the 100 MPa section of the table, an entry is given at the critical temperature, 647.10 K. Temperatures refer to the ITS-90 scale, on which the normal boiling point of water is 373.12 K (99.97°C). 

Stability constants as a function of temperature and the calculated complexation enthalpies and entropies of the associated reactions are given in Table II. The results of duplicate experiments at 2.0 M acidity and ionic strength are shown as the last entry in the table. Comparison of the results at 25°C, and 1.0 and 2.0 M acidity indicate an approximate inverse first order stoichiometry in [IT "] for the Kj and acid independence for K2. 

Initial studies used cytochalasin D to disrupt the actin cytoskeleton and probe the role of p53 in subsequent entry into the cell cycle. Cells treated with cytochalasin D enter and exit mitosis, segregate their chromosomes but are unable to divide. These cells eventually exit mitosis as a binucleated G1 cell. Initial studies indicated that this tetraploid state was sufficient to induce p53 and block entry into a new S phase. Cells lacking p53 did enter S phase, duplicated their genome, and became octoploid (i.e., via endoreduphcation). More recent evidence suggests that the drug treatments themselves induce p53, and simply having a tetraploid DNA content is not sufficient for p53 induction. 

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