India opiates

The Opiates. The International Narcotics Control Board—Vienna, tracks the tick production of narcotic dmgs and annually estimates world requkements for the United Nations. Thek most recent pubHcation (100) points out that more than 95% of the opium for Hcit medical and scientific purposes is produced by India and, in a declining trend, only about 600 t was utilized in 1988. This trend appears to be due to the fact that the United States, the largest user of opium for alkaloid extraction, reduced the amount of opium being imported from about 440 t in 1986 to 249 t in 1987 and 224 t in 1988. The United States used about 48 t of morphine (2, R = H) in 1988, most (about 90%) being converted to codeine (2, R = CH3) and the remainder being used for oral adrninistration to the terminally ill (about 2 t) and for conversion to other materials of minor commercial import which, while clearly alkaloid-derived, are not naturally occurring. 

A study published in India in 2004 revealed opiate prevalence rates of around 0.7 per cent for males2, which is equivalent to an annual prevalence of around 0.4 per cent of the general population aged 15-64, or slightly less than 3 million people. Opiate abuse in India increased in 2005, fuelled by the increasing availability of heroin smuggled from Afghanistan. 

Mattlson,addiction cocaine,opiates India Hemp Drugs Commission... 

GlaxoSmithKline, Johnson and Johnson, Johnson Matthey and Mayne produce opiates in Tasmania and Australia, Sanofi Aventis in France, Shionogi in Japan and Macfarlan Smith (now part of Johnson Matthey) in Britain. Mallinckrodt, Noramco, Abbott Laboratories and Purdue Pharma import these from Turkey and india to the USA. 

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