INDEX population responses affecting

The term dose—response in environmental epidemiology is typically understood to mean that quantitative relationship in which adverse effect severity and multiplicity increase in proportion to the intensity of exposure or dose indexed externally (intake/uptake quantities) or internally (exposure biomarkers). In the case of experimental animal exposures, reference is often to the administered dose, but biomarkers can also be available. Dose—response has also been employed to denote impacts at some selected effect level of a toxicant in terms of increasing affected fractions of some population as exposure increases. In this case, a dose—population response label is more precise. 

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