INDEX magnetic susceptibility, temperature

The physical properties of solvents greatly influence the choice of solvent for a particular application. The solvent should be liquid under the temperature and pressure conditions at which it is employed. Its thermodynamic properties, such as the density and vapor pressure, temperature and pressure coefficients, as well as the heat capacity and surface tension, and transport properties, such as viscosity, diffusion coefficient, and thermal conductivity, also need to be considered. Electrical, optical, and magnetic properties, such as the dipole moment, dielectric constant, refractive index, magnetic susceptibility, and electrical conductance are relevant, too. Furthermore, molecular... 

The Physical Properties are listed next. Under this loose term a wide range of properties, including mechanical, electrical and magnetic properties of elements are presented. Such properties include color, odor, taste, refractive index, crystal structure, allotropic forms (if any), hardness, density, melting point, boiling point, vapor pressure, critical constants (temperature, pressure and vol-ume/density), electrical resistivity, viscosity, surface tension. Young s modulus, shear modulus, Poisson s ratio, magnetic susceptibility and the thermal neutron cross section data for many elements. Also, solubilities in water, acids, alkalies, and salt solutions (in certain cases) are presented in this section. 

In the field of cryogenics, as in many other phases of science and industry, the accurate measurement of temperature is a very critical matter. The measurement of temperature, however, is more difficult to accomplish than the measurement of many of the other physical properties of a substance. Unlike properties such as volume or length, temperature cannot be measured directly. It must be measured in terms of another property. Some of the physical properties that have been utilized include pressure of a gas, equilibrium pressure of a liquid with its vapor, electrical resistance, thermoelectric emf, magnetic susceptibility, volume of a liquid, length of a solid, refractive index, and velocity of sound in a gas. In addition, there are thermometers that respond to a temperature-dependent phenomenon rather than to a physical property. Included in this category are the optical pyrometer and the electrical noise thermometer. 

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