INDEX magnetic potential

In addition to the above prescriptions, many other quantities such as solution phase ionization potentials (IPs) [15], nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) chemical shifts and IR absorption frequencies [16-18], charge decompositions [19], lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energies [20-23], IPs [24], redox potentials [25], high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [26], solid-state syntheses [27], Ke values [28], isoelectrophilic windows [29], and the harmonic oscillator models of the aromaticity (HOMA) index [30], have been proposed in the literature to understand the electrophilic and nucleophilic characteristics of chemical systems. 

The electronic magnetic multipoles (25)-(27) are unperturbed, or permanent, moment operators. In the presence of a vector potential A(r, t) (we simplify the notation, omitting the index), the canonical momentum is replaced by the mechanical momentum... 

Contents H.Matsuda Atoms as Constituents of Matter. - T. Tsuneto System of Protons and Electrons. - T. Tsuneto Helium. - T. Tsuneto Superfluid Helium 3. - T.Matsubara Metals. - T.Matsubara Non-metals. - T.Matsubara Localized Electron Approximation. - T.Murao Magnetism. - T.Murao Magnetic Properties of Dilute Alloys - the Kondo Effect. - H.Matsuda Random Systems. - F. Yonezawa Coherent Potential Approximation (CPA).- References.- Subject Index. 

An obvious limitation of the model is the fact that it can be applied only to carbocyclic systems. Sometimes this approach has been used on species with heteroatoms, and then only CC bonds were taken into account. This limitation results in exclusion of the contributions which are directly due to the interactions between heteroatoms and carbon—heteroatoms leading to a potential misinterpretation of aromaticity of these systems. Julg s index was applied to numerically describe the aromaticity of some jr-elec-tron systems and served also to test the correctness of other aromaticity indices such as HOMA as well as supporting other already accepted measures of aromaticity such as aromatic stabilization energy, ASE, and magnetic susceptibility exaltation. A. ... 

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