INDEX alkyl ligands

Three main parameters were used to evaluate the efficiency of the polymerization, namely monomer conversion (Cmma), initiation efficiency of the reaction (/ = Mn theo/3 n,SEc), and polydispcrsity index (PDI). These results are depicted in Fig. 2. It is obvious that the Cu(I)-catalyzed systems are more effective than the Fe(II)-catalyzed systems under the studied conditions. It was concluded that a bipyridine based ligand with a critical length of the substituted alkyl group (e.g., dHbpy) shows the best performance in Cu(I)-mediated systems. Besides, Cu(I) halide-mediated ATRP with 4,5 -Mbpy as the ligand and TsCl as the initiator was better controlled than that with dMbpy as the ligand, and polymers with much lower PDI values were obtained in the former case. 

This section deals with the stabilization of PVC by organotin stabilizers having different alkyl groups (methyl, ethyl, n-butyl, n-octyl, etc.) and different ligands (carboxylates, mercaptides, etc.), the mechanism of reaction and the evaluation of stability by yellowness index and conductivity. 

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