In situ surface X-ray scattering

Tolmachev Y V, Menzel A, Tkachuk AV, Chu YS, You H. 2004. In situ surface X-ray scattering observation of long-range ordered ( /T9 x yi9)R23.4°-13CO structure on Pt(lll) in aqueous electrolytes. Electrochem Solid-State Lett 7 E23-E26. 

A detailed electrochemical study of Ni(l 11) electrodes in H2SO4 solution in conjunction with in situ scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and in situ surface X-ray scattering methods (SXS, x-ray diffraction and x-ray reflectivity) was carried out by Scherer et al. [18]. 

Bromide adsorption on Au(lll) has also been studied, applying in situ surface X-ray scattering (SXS) and STM [56]. The potential-dependent adlayer density agreed well with the earlier pubKshed bromide surface excess densities, obtained in electrochemical measurements. At very positive potentials, a bromide-induced step-flow etching of Au occurred. 

J. X. Wang, R. P. Adzic, B. M. Ocko, In situ surface X-ray scattering studies of electrosorption in Interfacial Electrochemistry. Theory, Experiment and Applications (Ed. A. Wifckowski), Marcel Dekker, New York-Basel, 1999, p. 175. 

The steady-state and dynamic properties of the Au(lll)/aqueous electrolyte interface were investigated experimentally with a variety of electrochemical and structure sensitive methods. Examples are impedance measurements [13], electroreflectance [14], LEED [14,15] SHG [16], in-situ surface X-ray scattering [17] and STM [18-20] experiments. In the following paragraph we will only focus on some essential results of our in-situ STM and SEIRAS studies [21,22]. 

One typically finds that the order parameter of a continuous phase transition varies in the critical region as E - Ec) [53] or (T — Tc) [1, 33]. The numerical value of the critical exponent f depends only on a few physical properties, such as the dimension of the local variable (order parameter) in the Hamiltonian, the symmetry of the coupling between the local variables, and the dimensionality of the system (here 2D). This property is called universality [32, 33, 54]. Systems with identical critical behavior form one universality class. Only two examples have been reported for interfacial electrochemical systems In situ surface X-ray scattering (SXS) [53], chronocoulometry [55], and Monte Carlo (MC) simulations [56, 57] demonstrated... 

Lucas et al. studied the structure of the electrochemical double layer at the interface between a Ag(lll) electrode and 0.1 M KOH electrolyte using in situ surface X-ray scattering (SXS) and proposed an interface structure, at the negatively charged and positively charged surface, as shown in Fig. 15.9. At negative potential E = 1.0 V vs. SCE), the presence of an hydrated cation layer at a... 

Lucas C, Markovic NM, Ross PN. Observation of an ordered bromide monolayer at the Pt(lll)-solution interface by in-situ surface X-ray scattering. Surf Sci 1995 340 L949-54. 

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