In Situ Anode Reaction

Methanol oxidation in DMFCs has also been investigated with impedance spectroscopy. The anode impedance spectrum was usually obtained using the cathode as a reference electrode, by supplying hydrogen to the cathode, or by using a reference electrode to separate the anode and cathode impedance spectra. The 

For simplification, the physical meaning of R, is similar to the charge-transfer resistance, R0 is the resistance related to CO adsorption, and the inductance (L) is related to CO adsorption and potential. For methanol oxidation, the simple mechanism can be written as follows 

Assuming mass transfer did not occur, the net rate of production of electrons is 

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