In ferroelectrics

Both the Spontaneous polarization PI and the remanent polarization P/ are strong functions of temperature, particularly near the transition temperature T in ferroelectrics (7) ... 

Due to their high piezoelectric response, electrostriction in ferroelectrics, induced by an applied electric field, can be used as strain-inducing components (just as ferromagnetic materials can be exploited for their magnetostriction). Thus barium... 

The effect of shock-induced conduction is less distinct in ferroelectrics than in piezoelectrics but is nevertheless apparent from a number of studies. (See Davison and Graham [79D01] and Novitskii [79N03].) Differences in conduction with sample polarity, such as those seen in quartz but of opposite sign, are observed in ferroelectrics. 

The ferroelectricity usually disappears above a certain transition temperature (often called a Curie temperature) above which the crystal is said to be paraelectric this is because thermal motion has destroyed the ferroelectric order. Occasionally the crystal melts or decomposes before the paraelectric state is reached. There are thus some analogies to ferromagnetic and paramagnetic compounds though it should be noted that there is no iron in ferroelectric compounds. Some typical examples, together with their transition temperatures and spontaneous permanent electric polarization P, are given in the Table. 

The semiconducting properties of the compounds of the SbSI type (see Table XXVIII) were predicted by Mooser and Pearson in 1958 228). They were first confirmed for SbSI, for which photoconductivity was found in 1960 243). The breakthrough was the observation of fer-roelectricity in this material 117) and other SbSI type compounds 244 see Table XXIX), in addition to phase transitions 184), nonlinear optical behavior 156), piezoelectric behavior 44), and electromechanical 183) and other properties. These photoconductors exhibit abnormally large temperature-coefficients for their band gaps they are strongly piezoelectric. Some are ferroelectric (see Table XXIX). They have anomalous electrooptic and optomechanical properties, namely, elongation or contraction under illumination. As already mentioned, these fields cannot be treated in any detail in this review for those interested in ferroelectricity, review articles 224, 352) are mentioned. The heat capacity of SbSI has been measured from - 180 to -l- 40°C and, from these data, the excess entropy of the ferro-paraelectric transition... 

Burrows AD (2004) Crystal Engineering Using Multiple Hydrogen Bonds 108 55-96 Bussmann-Holder A, Dalai NS (2007) Order/Disorder Versus or with Displacive Dynamics in Ferroelectric Systems. 124 1-21... 

Schwartz, R. W. Dobberstein, H. 2003. Modeling structural evolution in ferroelectric thin films. Proc. 11th US-Japan Seminar on Diet. Piezo. Ceram. (Sapporo, Japan), pp. 215-218. 

Schwartz, R. W. Assink, R. A. Headley, T. J. 1992. Solution chemistry effects in PZT thin film processing spectroscopic and microstructural characterization. In Ferroelectric Thin Films II, edited by Kingon, A. I. Myers, E. R. Tuttle, B. Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 243 245-254. 

Losego, M. D. Trolier-McKinstry, S. 2004. Mist deposition of micron thick lead zirconate titanate thick films. In Ferroelectric Thin Films XII, edited by Hoffmann-Eifert, S. Funakubo, H. Kingon, A. I. Koutsaroff, I. Joshi, V. Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 784(C11.28) l-6. 

Bipolar plates, MCFC, 12 223 Bipolar transistors, silicon based semiconductors in, 22 246-249 Bipolymers, 20 533, 534 Bipropellants, 10 727 Bipyridines, uses for, 21 127 Bipyridinium herbicides, 13 315 Bipyridium, 24 51 Bipyridyl trimers, 24 50 Biquinolines, 21 200 Birefringence, 14 675, 680 19 745 in ferroelectric crystals, 11 94 polycarbonate, 19 822 of regenerated cellulose fibers,... 

Blinc, R. and Zeks, B. (1974). Soft Modes in Ferroelectrics and Antiferroelectrics . 

Order/Disorder Versus or with Displadve Dynamics in Ferroelectric Systems... 

Blinc R, Zeks B (1974) Soft modes in ferroelectrics and antiferroelectrics. Elsevier,... 

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