In entangled polymer solutions

Grossmann, P. D. and Soane, D. S., Experimental and theoretical studies of DNA separations by capillaryelectrophoresis in entangled polymer solutions, Biopolymers, 31, 1221, 1991. 

Fig. 3 Schematic calibration curve obtained for the separation of polyelectrolytes in entangled polymer solutions...

Topological constraints do not influence polymer motion on length scales smaller than the size of an entanglement strand. In entangled polymer solutions, chain sections with end-to-end distance shorter than the tube... 

The plateau modulus in entangled polymer solutions has practically the same concentration dependence in all solvents, ... 

Leger L, Hervet H, Rondelez F (1981) Reptation in entangled polymer solutions by forced Rayleigh light scattering. Macromolecules 14 1732-1738... 

Hashimoto T, Murase H, Ohta Y (2010) A new scenario of flow-induced shish-kebab formation in entangled polymer solutions. Macromolecules 43 6542-6548 Herrmann K, Gemgross O, Abitz W (1930) Zur Rontgenographischen Strukturforschung des Gelatinemicells. ZPhys Chem B10 371-394... 

Won J, Onyenemezu C, Miller WG, Lodge TP (1994) Diffusion of spheres in entangled polymer solutions a return to stokes-einstein behavior. Macromolecules 27(25) 7389-7396... 

Abstract We numerically investigate nonlinear regimes of shear-induced phase separation in entangled polymer solutions. For the purpose a time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau model describing the two-fluid dynamics of polymer and solvent is used. A conformation tensor is introduced as a new dynamic variable to represent chain deformations. Its variations give rise to a large viscoelastic stress. Above the coexistence curve, a dynamical steady state is attained, where fluctuations are enhanced on various spatial... 

Doi and Onuki [50] (DO), extended the models to polymer blends in which both components are entangled. The key aspect to address is how to incorporate stress into the equation of motion for concentration fluctuations. Effectively, by determining the conditions for force balance, it was shown that the stress enters the equation of motion at the same level as the chemical potential. Such an approach enabled the development of a framework that coupled the dynamics of concentration fluctuations to the flow fields and stress gradients however, only the simplest form of constitutive relation for the stress was treated. In entangled polymer solutions, the tube model predicts that the relaxation of an imposed stress is well described by a single exponential decay, with the characteristic time-scale being that required for... 

L. L6ger, H. Hervet, and F. Rondelez, Reptation in Entangled Polymer Solutions by Forced Rayleigh Light Scattering , Macromolecules 14,1981, pp 1732-1738. 

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